§Insights

The data behind the atlas

Twenty-five views of anti-cancer nephrotoxicity, drawn from the citation-grounded catalog: a phenotype-similarity map, the growing evidence base, onset timing, FAERS reporting signals, renal anatomy, several clinical cross-tabs, the field's co-authorship structure, the regimen pairs that compound kidney risk, and a browsable explorer of any agent's nearest phenotype analogs.

Phenotype & similarity

What kind of kidney injury each agent causes, and which agents resemble each other.

Every anti-cancer agent placed so that nearness means a similar kidney-injury phenotype — computed from injury signature, nephron segments, severity, drug class, and a small approval-era term that keeps identical fingerprints apart. Neighborhoods emerge on their own: platinum tubular injury, anti-VEGF glomerular disease, checkpoint-inhibitor interstitial nephritis. Dot size scales with FAERS reporting volume. Filter by injury; tap a profiled agent to open it.

Acute Tubular Necrosis: Actinium 225 PSMA, BRAF / MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib · dabrafenib · trametinib), Binimetinib, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Cobimetinib, Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), Disitamab vedotin, Encorafenib, Enfortumab vedotin, Gallium nitrate, Ibandronate, Iobenguane I-131, Lenalidomide, Lurbinectedin, Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen), Nedaplatin, Pentostatin, Plicamycin (mithramycin), Procarbazine, Raltitrexed, Samarium-153 lexidronam, Sonidegib, Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V), Trabectedin, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Vemurafenib, Zoledronic acid
Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Bicalutamide, Cadonilimab, Cemiplimab, Checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab · nivolumab · ipilimumab), Cosibelimab, Dabrafenib, Dostarlimab, Durvalumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab, Relatlimab, Retifanlimab, Sugemalimab, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab
Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 5-Fluorouracil, Bortezomib, Busulfan, Carfilzomib, Carmofur (HCFU), Doxifluridine, Gemcitabine, Ixazomib, Mitomycin C, Moxetumomab pasudotox, Oxaliplatin, Tegafur-uracil (UFT), Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), promacta
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: Belantamab mafodotin, Bevacizumab, Dasatinib, Doxorubicin, Erlotinib, Everolimus, Gefitinib, Interferon-α, Ivonescimab, Olverembatinib, Pamidronate, Pazopanib, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus, mTOR inhibitors (everolimus · temsirolimus)
Electrolyte Disturbance: Abiraterone, Amivantamab, Amsacrine, Avutometinib, Cetuximab, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Darolutamide, Defactinib, Denosumab, Erdafitinib, Fedratinib, Furmonertinib, Futibatinib, Gedatolisib, Imatinib, Inavolisib, Infigratinib, Lanreotide, Mechlorethamine, Mitotane, Necitumumab, Nirogacestat, Octreotide, Panitumumab, Pemigatinib, Relacorilant, Strontium-89 chloride, Sunvozertinib, Teniposide, Vinflunine, daraxonrasib
Fanconi Syndrome: Azacitidine, Ifosfamide, Streptozocin
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: Bendamustine, Cladribine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Etoposide, Fludarabine, Hydroxyurea, Idarubicin, Methotrexate (high-dose), Mitoxantrone, Nelarabine, Obinutuzumab, Odronextamab, Pirtobrutinib, Pralatrexate, Rituximab, Sonrotoclax, Venetoclax
Hypertension: Acalabrutinib, Asciminib, Axitinib, Cabozantinib, Copanlisib, Enzalutamide, Fruquintinib, Ibrutinib, Lenvatinib, Leuprolide, Nintedanib, Niraparib, Ponatinib, Pralsetinib, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, Ripretinib, Selpercatinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Tivozanib, VEGFR TKIs (sunitinib · sorafenib · pazopanib · axitinib), Vandetanib, Ziv-aflibercept
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI: Adagrasib, Afamitresgene autoleucel (Afami-cel), Afatinib, Alpelisib, Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine), Anitocabtagene autoleucel, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase, Avapritinib, Belzutifan, Bleomycin, Blinatumomab, Brentuximab vedotin, CAR-T cell therapy, Cabazitaxel, Capecitabine, Capivasertib, Casdatifan, Catumaxomab, Ceritinib, Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Clofarabine, Dacarbazine, Daratumumab, Denileukin diftitox, Dinutuximab, Docetaxel, Dordaviprone, Duvelisib, Elacestrant, Elotuzumab, Elranatamab, Enasidenib, Epcoritamab, Eribulin, Estramustine, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Gilteritinib, Glasdegib, Glofitamab, Iberdomide, Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Idecabtagene vicleucel, Idelalisib, Imetelstat, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Irinotecan, Isatuximab, Ivosidenib, Lifileucel, Linvoseltamab, Lisocabtagene maraleucel, Loncastuximab tesirine, Midostaurin, Mirdametinib, Mirvetuximab soravtansine, Mobocertinib, Mogamulizumab, Mosunetuzumab, Naxitamab, Neratinib, Nilotinib, Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel), Olutasidenib, Paclitaxel, Pacritinib, Pegaspargase, Pexidartinib, Pivekimab sunirine, Polatuzumab vedotin, Pomalidomide, Quizartinib, Radium-223 dichloride, Revumenib, Ruxolitinib, Sacituzumab govitecan, Selumetinib, Sevabertinib, Sotorasib, Tafasitamab, Tagraxofusp, Talquetamab, Tarlatamab, Tasonermin, Tazemetostat, Tebentafusp, Teclistamab, Thalidomide, Tisotumab vedotin, Topotecan, Tovorafenib, Trametinib, Tretinoin (ATRA), Trifluridine/tipiracil, Vepdegestrant, Zanidatamab, Zanubrutinib, Zenocutuzumab, Zidesamtinib, Ziftomenib, Zolbetuximab
SIADH / Hyponatremia: Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Lazertinib, Melphalan, Osimertinib, Selinexor, Tamoxifen, Temozolomide, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine, Vismodegib
Hemorrhagic Cystitis: Thiotepa
Pseudo-AKI: Abemaciclib, Alectinib, Bosutinib, Brigatinib, Capmatinib, Ensartinib, Entrectinib, Imlunestrant, Larotrectinib, Lorlatinib, Momelotinib, Olaparib, Palbociclib, Repotrectinib, Ribociclib, Rucaparib, Talazoparib, Taletrectinib, Tepotinib, Tucatinib, Vimseltinib, Vorasidenib, Zongertinib, saruparib
Renal Cysts: Crizotinib
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy: Carmustine (BCNU), Fotemustine, Lomustine (CCNU), Lutetium-177 Dotatate, Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide), Nimustine (ACNU), Pemetrexed

299 agents · dot size = FAERS reporting volume, for the 232 agentsopenFDA returns reports for. The remaining 67 are drawn as hollow rings: every static-catalog agent is queried, so a ring means openFDA came back empty — a withdrawn drug, a non-US approval, a 2025 launch, or a catalog entry that names a whole class and has no generic name to query; a recently added agent may simply lack a stored lookup yet. Position = clinical-toxicity similarity (2-D MDS). A small deterministic jitter keeps agents with identical fingerprints from stacking — treat fine nearest-neighbor ordering as approximate.

Figure 1·Anti-cancer agents embedded so proximity encodes a shared kidney-injury phenotype (2-D MDS over injury signature, nephron target, severity, class, and a small approval-era tie-break).

The focused companion to the map (fig 1): pick an agent and see the six agents whose kidney-injury phenotype sits closest — nearer the center means a tighter match. The chips name why each pair pulls together: a shared signature injury, nephron segment, class family, or severity band.

or:

Nearest analogs of Pembrolizumab

Open Pembrolizumab →

Acute Interstitial Nephritis · Checkpoint inhibitors · Moderate

Distance from the center = phenotype similarity (closer is a tighter match), ranked by the exact clinical-fingerprint distance the map's 2-D MDS approximates — injury signature (weight 0.48), nephron target (0.23), severity (0.11), class family (0.11), and a 0.07 approval-era term that breaks ties between otherwise-identical fingerprints. That last term is small but not nothing: it decides which neighbors appear when several agents share a signature, anatomy, severity and class. Click a neighbor to recenter and walk the neighborhood; the list links to each profile. Similarity is a phenotype resemblance, not a shared mechanism or an interchangeability claim.

Figure 2·The interactive, browsable companion to the map (fig 1): pick any agent and its six nearest kidney-toxicity analogs appear as a radial constellation, each placed at a radius set by the exact phenotype-distance metric the map's 2-D MDS approximates — injury signature (0.48), nephron target (0.23), severity (0.11), class family (0.11), and a 0.07 approval-era term that separates otherwise-identical fingerprints. The chips make the resemblance explicit (shared signature injury, nephron segment, class family, or severity); click a neighbor to recenter and walk the neighborhood. A phenotype resemblance, not a shared mechanism or interchangeability claim.

The kidney-injury combinations that strike the same agent, ranked by how many agents carry each exact set. The dot column under each bar shows which injuries are in that combination — the multi-way overlaps a pairwise chord can only hint at. A set-size bar to the left of each injury row totals how often that injury appears across these combinations, for comparison against any single set.

Top 14 injury combinations among profiled agents · top bar = agents with exactly that set · connected dots = injuries in the combination · left set-size bar = total agents across these combinations carrying that injury (each agent counted once).

Figure 3·The 14 most frequent of the 87 exact multi-injury combinations profiled agents carry, covering 135 of the 237 agents with more than one injury — the intersection logic a pairwise chord cannot show.

Every profiled agent as a row; the 14 kidney injuries as columns. A colored tick means the agent carries that injury. Rows are grouped by drug class, so agents in a family light up the same injury columns. Tap a column header to isolate an injury.

Profiled anti-cancer agents (rows) by the kidney injuries they carry (columns). A colored tick marks a present injury; the agent's signature injury is outlined.
Agent
Other targeted agents · 45
Adagrasib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)			Pseudo-AKI
Afamitresgene autoleucel (Afami-cel)					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Anitocabtagene autoleucel									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Arsenic trioxide	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Belzutifan									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Bortezomib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Carfilzomib	Acute Tubular Necrosis		Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension
Casdatifan									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
daraxonrasib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Defactinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Denileukin diftitox									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Dordaviprone									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Enasidenib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Gallium nitrate	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Glasdegib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Iberdomide									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Imetelstat					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Ivosidenib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Ixazomib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)
Lenalidomide	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)		Thrombotic Microangiopathy			Fanconi Syndrome
Lifileucel	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Moxetumomab pasudotox			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)						Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Niraparib								Hypertension (signature)				Pseudo-AKI
Nirogacestat					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)	Fanconi Syndrome
Olaparib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy									Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Olutasidenib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Pomalidomide					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
promacta			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)
Relacorilant					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)			Hypertension
Revumenib					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Rucaparib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
saruparib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Selinexor					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Sonidegib	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)
Sonrotoclax					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Sotorasib	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tagraxofusp	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Talazoparib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Tazemetostat					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Thalidomide					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tretinoin (ATRA)	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Venetoclax	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Vismodegib					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Vorasidenib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Ziftomenib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Alkylating agents · 21
Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine)									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Bendamustine			Thrombotic Microangiopathy		Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)
Busulfan			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)
Carmustine (BCNU)			Thrombotic Microangiopathy											Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Chlorambucil					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Cyclophosphamide										SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)	Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Dacarbazine									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Estramustine									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Fotemustine	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance									Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Ifosfamide	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome (signature)					Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Lomustine (CCNU)														Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Lurbinectedin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Mechlorethamine					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Melphalan					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen)	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance
Nimustine (ACNU)	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance									Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Procarbazine	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)	Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Streptozocin	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome (signature)
Temozolomide					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Thiotepa											Hemorrhagic Cystitis (signature)
Trabectedin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance
Antimetabolites · 20
5-Fluorouracil			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)						Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Azacitidine	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome (signature)						Pseudo-AKI
Capecitabine			Thrombotic Microangiopathy						Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Carmofur (HCFU)			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)		Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Cladribine					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Clofarabine	Acute Tubular Necrosis			Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria			Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Cytarabine					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia
Decitabine			Thrombotic Microangiopathy		Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Doxifluridine			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)		Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Fludarabine					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gemcitabine			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension			Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Hydroxyurea					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Methotrexate (high-dose)	Acute Tubular Necrosis						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)
Nelarabine					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pemetrexed	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia				Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Pentostatin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia
Pralatrexate	Acute Tubular Necrosis						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)
Raltitrexed	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Tegafur-uracil (UFT)			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)		Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Trifluridine/tipiracil									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Checkpoint inhibitors · 18
Atezolizumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria						SIADH / Hyponatremia	Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Avelumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Cadonilimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)
Cemiplimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab · nivolumab · ipilimumab)		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Cosibelimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Dostarlimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Durvalumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Ipilimumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)	Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI					Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Ivonescimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis	Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)				Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Nivolumab	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)	Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria						SIADH / Hyponatremia				Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Pembrolizumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)	Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance						Hemorrhagic Cystitis			Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Penpulimab	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Relatlimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)
Retifanlimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)			Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Sugemalimab	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Tislelizumab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)	Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Toripalimab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Monoclonal antibodies (other) · 16
Amivantamab		Acute Interstitial Nephritis			Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Cetuximab				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Daratumumab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Dinutuximab			Thrombotic Microangiopathy					Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Elotuzumab									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Isatuximab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Mogamulizumab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Naxitamab								Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Necitumumab					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Obinutuzumab	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Panitumumab				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Rituximab	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tafasitamab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Zanidatamab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Zenocutuzumab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Zolbetuximab									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Antibody-drug conjugates · 16
Belantamab mafodotin				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Brentuximab vedotin					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd)	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)			Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Disitamab vedotin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)
Enfortumab vedotin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Inotuzumab ozogamicin					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Loncastuximab tesirine					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Mirvetuximab soravtansine									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Pivekimab sunirine	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Polatuzumab vedotin					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Sacituzumab govitecan	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis							Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V)	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance
Tisotumab vedotin									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Trastuzumab deruxtecan	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension
Anti-angiogenic (VEGF) · 15
Axitinib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Bevacizumab			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)				Hypertension
Cabozantinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Fruquintinib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Lenvatinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Nintedanib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Pazopanib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)				Hypertension
Ramucirumab			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Regorafenib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Sorafenib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance			Hypertension (signature)
Sunitinib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tivozanib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Vandetanib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance			Hypertension (signature)
VEGFR TKIs (sunitinib · sorafenib · pazopanib · axitinib)			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Ziv-aflibercept			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)
Other kinase inhibitors · 14
Avapritinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Fedratinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Furmonertinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Gilteritinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Midostaurin					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Momelotinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Pacritinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Pexidartinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Pralsetinib								Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI
Quizartinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Ripretinib								Hypertension (signature)
Ruxolitinib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy		Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Selpercatinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia		Pseudo-AKI
Vimseltinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors · 13
Alectinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Brigatinib								Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Capmatinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Ceritinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)			Pseudo-AKI
Crizotinib					Electrolyte Disturbance							Pseudo-AKI	Renal Cysts (signature)
Ensartinib					Electrolyte Disturbance							Pseudo-AKI (signature)	Renal Cysts
Entrectinib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Larotrectinib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Lorlatinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Repotrectinib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Taletrectinib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Tepotinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Zidesamtinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Bispecifics / T-cell engagers · 12
Blinatumomab	Acute Tubular Necrosis						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Catumaxomab					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Elranatamab	Acute Tubular Necrosis						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Epcoritamab					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Glofitamab					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Linvoseltamab					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Mosunetuzumab					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Odronextamab	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Talquetamab	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tarlatamab	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tebentafusp									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Teclistamab	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Hormonal / endocrine · 12
Abiraterone					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)			Hypertension
Bicalutamide		Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)
Darolutamide					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Elacestrant									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Enzalutamide					Electrolyte Disturbance			Hypertension (signature)
Imlunestrant									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Lanreotide					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Leuprolide								Hypertension (signature)
Mitotane					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Octreotide					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tamoxifen					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Vepdegestrant									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
BRAF / MEK inhibitors · 11
Avutometinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Binimetinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
BRAF / MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib · dabrafenib · trametinib)	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)	Acute Interstitial Nephritis			Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome						Pseudo-AKI
Cobimetinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)	Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Dabrafenib	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis (signature)			Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia
Encorafenib	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)	Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Mirdametinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Selumetinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tovorafenib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Trametinib		Acute Interstitial Nephritis		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Vemurafenib	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome								Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors · 11
Afatinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Erlotinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis		Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gefitinib		Acute Interstitial Nephritis		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)							Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Lazertinib					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Mobocertinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Neratinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Osimertinib					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)		Pseudo-AKI
Sevabertinib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Sunvozertinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia
Tucatinib												Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Zongertinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Microtubule inhibitors · 8
Cabazitaxel									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)		Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Docetaxel			Thrombotic Microangiopathy						Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)		Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Eribulin									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Paclitaxel				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria					Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)		Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Vinblastine					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Vincristine					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Vinflunine					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia
Vinorelbine					Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia (signature)
Radiopharmaceuticals · 8
Actinium 225 PSMA	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)
Ibritumomab tiuxetan					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Iobenguane I-131	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)			Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension						Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Lutetium-177 Dotatate			Thrombotic Microangiopathy											Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide)					Electrolyte Disturbance									Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy (signature)
Radium-223 dichloride									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Samarium-153 lexidronam	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)
Strontium-89 chloride					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Antitumor antibiotics · 7
Bleomycin									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D)					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Doxorubicin			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)							Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Idarubicin					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mitomycin C			Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria							Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Mitoxantrone					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI		Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Plicamycin (mithramycin)	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance
BCR-ABL inhibitors · 7
Asciminib								Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Bosutinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Dasatinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Imatinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)	Fanconi Syndrome
Nilotinib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Olverembatinib				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)				Hypertension	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI
Ponatinib			Thrombotic Microangiopathy					Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
PI3K / AKT inhibitors · 7
Alpelisib	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Capivasertib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Copanlisib								Hypertension (signature)
Duvelisib		Acute Interstitial Nephritis							Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Gedatolisib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Idelalisib		Acute Interstitial Nephritis							Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Inavolisib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
CAR-T cell therapy · 5
CAR-T cell therapy	Acute Tubular Necrosis						Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Idecabtagene vicleucel	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Lisocabtagene maraleucel	Acute Tubular Necrosis				Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel)					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Cytokines & enzymes · 5
Asparaginase									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Interferon-α			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Interleukin-2 (high-dose)					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)	SIADH / Hyponatremia
Pegaspargase	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Tasonermin	Acute Tubular Necrosis								Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Topoisomerase inhibitors · 5
Amsacrine					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Etoposide					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Irinotecan									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Teniposide					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Topotecan									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
Platinum agents · 4
Carboplatin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance					SIADH / Hyponatremia	Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Cisplatin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance	Fanconi Syndrome			Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI	SIADH / Hyponatremia	Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Nedaplatin	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)				Electrolyte Disturbance
Oxaliplatin	Acute Tubular Necrosis		Thrombotic Microangiopathy (signature)
mTOR inhibitors · 4
Everolimus			Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)	Electrolyte Disturbance
mTOR inhibitors (everolimus · temsirolimus)	Acute Tubular Necrosis		Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Sirolimus	Acute Tubular Necrosis			Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Temsirolimus				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)	Electrolyte Disturbance
Bisphosphonates & bone · 4
Denosumab					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Ibandronate	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)			Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Electrolyte Disturbance
Pamidronate				Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria (signature)
Zoledronic acid	Acute Tubular Necrosis (signature)					Fanconi Syndrome
FGFR inhibitors · 4
Erdafitinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Futibatinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
Infigratinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Pemigatinib					Electrolyte Disturbance (signature)
BTK inhibitors · 4
Acalabrutinib							Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy	Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ibrutinib	Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis		Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria				Hypertension (signature)	Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pirtobrutinib					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy (signature)		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zanubrutinib					Electrolyte Disturbance		Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy		Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI (signature)
CDK4/6 inhibitors · 3
Abemaciclib									Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Palbociclib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)
Ribociclib					Electrolyte Disturbance				Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI			Pseudo-AKI (signature)

299 profiled agents × 14 injuries · tick = injury present · outlined tick = the agent's signature injury.

Figure 4·Every profiled agent as a row and the 14 kidney injuries as columns, grouped by class so each family's shared injury signature is visible.

Agents by their worst-case severity against whether the injury reverses. The severe × often-irreversible cell is the highest-stakes group.

Show:

raw agent counts, shaded across the whole grid

Number of profiled agents at each worst-case renal severity (rows) and reversibility outcome (columns).
Severity	Reversible202	Partially reversible39	Often irreversible6	Variable43
Severe	Severe, Reversible: 1 agent (8% of row)	Severe, Partially reversible: 5 agents (38% of row)	Severe, Often irreversible: 3 agents (23% of row)	Severe, Variable: 4 agents (31% of row)
Moderate	Moderate, Reversible: 74 agents (55% of row)	Moderate, Partially reversible: 33 agents (24% of row)	Moderate, Often irreversible: 3 agents (2% of row)	Moderate, Variable: 25 agents (19% of row)
Mild	Mild, Reversible: 127 agents (89% of row)	Mild, Partially reversible: 1 agent (1% of row)	Mild, Often irreversible: 0 agents (0% of row)	Mild, Variable: 14 agents (10% of row)

Agent counts per severity × reversibility · color depth scales within the grid · column totals above each outcome.

Figure 5·Every profiled agent cross-tabulated by worst-case renal severity (rows) and how the injury resolves (columns); the count fill scales within the grid.

For the agents carrying a specific renal dose action: which class family forces it, and whether the action is a CrCl-banded reduction or an outright avoid. The antimetabolites lead the reduce-by-CrCl column; radiopharmaceuticals and antibody-drug conjugates sit only under avoid.

Show:

raw agent counts, shaded across the whole grid

Agents needing a renal dose change, by class family (rows) and the prescribing action (columns).
Class family	Reduce dose by kidney function52	Avoid or contraindicated in impairment17	Dose calculated from GFR1	Caution — no defined threshold6
Antimetabolites	Antimetabolites, Reduce dose by kidney function: 10 agents (67% of row)	Antimetabolites, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 2 agents (13% of row)	Antimetabolites, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antimetabolites, Caution — no defined threshold: 3 agents (20% of row)
Other targeted agents	Other targeted agents, Reduce dose by kidney function: 6 agents (60% of row)	Other targeted agents, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (10% of row)	Other targeted agents, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Other targeted agents, Caution — no defined threshold: 3 agents (30% of row)
Alkylating agents	Alkylating agents, Reduce dose by kidney function: 5 agents (63% of row)	Alkylating agents, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 3 agents (38% of row)	Alkylating agents, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Alkylating agents, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Antitumor antibiotics	Antitumor antibiotics, Reduce dose by kidney function: 2 agents (50% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 2 agents (50% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Hormonal / endocrine	Hormonal / endocrine, Reduce dose by kidney function: 3 agents (75% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (25% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Other kinase inhibitors	Other kinase inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 3 agents (75% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (25% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Platinum agents	Platinum agents, Reduce dose by kidney function: 3 agents (75% of row)	Platinum agents, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	Platinum agents, Dose calculated from GFR: 1 agent (25% of row)	Platinum agents, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 3 agents (75% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (25% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 3 agents (100% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Bisphosphonates & bone	Bisphosphonates & bone, Reduce dose by kidney function: 2 agents (67% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (33% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Reduce dose by kidney function: 2 agents (100% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
BCR-ABL inhibitors	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 2 agents (100% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Cytokines & enzymes	Cytokines & enzymes, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (50% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (50% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (50% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (50% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Microtubule inhibitors	Microtubule inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 2 agents (100% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Radiopharmaceuticals	Radiopharmaceuticals, Reduce dose by kidney function: 0 agents (0% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 2 agents (100% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
Antibody-drug conjugates	Antibody-drug conjugates, Reduce dose by kidney function: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 1 agent (100% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
BTK inhibitors	BTK inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (100% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
CDK4/6 inhibitors	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (100% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
FGFR inhibitors	FGFR inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (100% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)
PI3K / AKT inhibitors	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Reduce dose by kidney function: 1 agent (100% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Avoid or contraindicated in impairment: 0 agents (0% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Dose calculated from GFR: 0 agents (0% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Caution — no defined threshold: 0 agents (0% of row)

Counts the agents FLAGGED as needing a renal change (not all 290) · each agent carries exactly one action and one family, so it lands in one cell · color depth scales within the grid · column totals above each action. Source: renal-dose-adjustments, verified against FDA labels.

Figure 6·For the agents flagged as needing a renal dose change, which drug-class families most often force which prescribing action in reduced kidney function.

Anatomy & mechanism

Where in the nephron the damage lands.

Where each drug class strikes the nephron. Rows are class families, columns are nephron segments; a cell's depth of color is how many agents in that class have that nephron segment as their signature-injury site (each agent is bucketed into one primary segment). Read down a column for the agents converging on one structure, across a row for a class's anatomical footprint.

Number of anti-cancer agents in each drug-class family (rows) whose documented signature segment is each nephron segment (columns).
Drug class family	Glomerulus25	Vasculature / Endothelium137	Proximal Tubule60	Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct28	Interstitium23	Tubular Lumen16	Bladder / Urothelium1
Other targeted agents	Other targeted agents, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Other targeted agents, Vasculature / Endothelium: 26 agents	Other targeted agents, Proximal Tubule: 9 agents	Other targeted agents, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 3 agents	Other targeted agents, Interstitium: 0 agents	Other targeted agents, Tubular Lumen: 2 agents	Other targeted agents, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Alkylating agents	Alkylating agents, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Alkylating agents, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	Alkylating agents, Proximal Tubule: 7 agents	Alkylating agents, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 4 agents	Alkylating agents, Interstitium: 4 agents	Alkylating agents, Tubular Lumen: 1 agent	Alkylating agents, Bladder / Urothelium: 1 agent
Antimetabolites	Antimetabolites, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Antimetabolites, Vasculature / Endothelium: 9 agents	Antimetabolites, Proximal Tubule: 3 agents	Antimetabolites, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Antimetabolites, Interstitium: 1 agent	Antimetabolites, Tubular Lumen: 7 agents	Antimetabolites, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Checkpoint inhibitors	Checkpoint inhibitors, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Checkpoint inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 0 agents	Checkpoint inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Checkpoint inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Checkpoint inhibitors, Interstitium: 16 agents	Checkpoint inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Checkpoint inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Monoclonal antibodies (other)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Glomerulus: 0 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Vasculature / Endothelium: 10 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 4 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Interstitium: 0 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Tubular Lumen: 2 agents	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Glomerulus: 11 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Interstitium: 0 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Antibody-drug conjugates	Antibody-drug conjugates, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Antibody-drug conjugates, Vasculature / Endothelium: 10 agents	Antibody-drug conjugates, Proximal Tubule: 4 agents	Antibody-drug conjugates, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Antibody-drug conjugates, Interstitium: 0 agents	Antibody-drug conjugates, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Antibody-drug conjugates, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 5 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 8 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Other kinase inhibitors	Other kinase inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Other kinase inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 11 agents	Other kinase inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 1 agent	Other kinase inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 1 agent	Other kinase inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	Other kinase inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Other kinase inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Bispecifics / T-cell engagers	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Vasculature / Endothelium: 11 agents	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Interstitium: 0 agents	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Tubular Lumen: 1 agent	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Hormonal / endocrine	Hormonal / endocrine, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Hormonal / endocrine, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	Hormonal / endocrine, Proximal Tubule: 1 agent	Hormonal / endocrine, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 6 agents	Hormonal / endocrine, Interstitium: 1 agent	Hormonal / endocrine, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Hormonal / endocrine, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Glomerulus: 2 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 2 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 3 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
BRAF / MEK inhibitors	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 6 agents	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Interstitium: 1 agent	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Microtubule inhibitors	Microtubule inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 4 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Microtubule inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Antitumor antibiotics	Antitumor antibiotics, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Antitumor antibiotics, Vasculature / Endothelium: 3 agents	Antitumor antibiotics, Proximal Tubule: 2 agents	Antitumor antibiotics, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Antitumor antibiotics, Interstitium: 0 agents	Antitumor antibiotics, Tubular Lumen: 1 agent	Antitumor antibiotics, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
BCR-ABL inhibitors	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Glomerulus: 2 agents	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 1 agent	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
PI3K / AKT inhibitors	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 5 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 2 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Radiopharmaceuticals	Radiopharmaceuticals, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Radiopharmaceuticals, Vasculature / Endothelium: 3 agents	Radiopharmaceuticals, Proximal Tubule: 3 agents	Radiopharmaceuticals, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Radiopharmaceuticals, Interstitium: 0 agents	Radiopharmaceuticals, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Radiopharmaceuticals, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
CAR-T cell therapy	CAR-T cell therapy, Glomerulus: 0 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Vasculature / Endothelium: 5 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Interstitium: 0 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	CAR-T cell therapy, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 2 agents	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 1 agent	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 2 agents	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Cytokines & enzymes	Cytokines & enzymes, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Cytokines & enzymes, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	Cytokines & enzymes, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	Cytokines & enzymes, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Cytokines & enzymes, Interstitium: 0 agents	Cytokines & enzymes, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Cytokines & enzymes, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Platinum agents	Platinum agents, Glomerulus: 0 agents	Platinum agents, Vasculature / Endothelium: 0 agents	Platinum agents, Proximal Tubule: 4 agents	Platinum agents, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	Platinum agents, Interstitium: 0 agents	Platinum agents, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Platinum agents, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
mTOR inhibitors	mTOR inhibitors, Glomerulus: 4 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 0 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	mTOR inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
FGFR inhibitors	FGFR inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 0 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 4 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	FGFR inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
BTK inhibitors	BTK inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	BTK inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 4 agents	BTK inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 0 agents	BTK inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	BTK inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	BTK inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	BTK inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
Bisphosphonates & bone	Bisphosphonates & bone, Glomerulus: 1 agent	Bisphosphonates & bone, Vasculature / Endothelium: 0 agents	Bisphosphonates & bone, Proximal Tubule: 2 agents	Bisphosphonates & bone, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 1 agent	Bisphosphonates & bone, Interstitium: 0 agents	Bisphosphonates & bone, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	Bisphosphonates & bone, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents
CDK4/6 inhibitors	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Glomerulus: 0 agents	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Vasculature / Endothelium: 1 agent	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Proximal Tubule: 2 agents	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 0 agents	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Interstitium: 0 agents	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Tubular Lumen: 0 agents	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Bladder / Urothelium: 0 agents

Cell depth scales to the per-grid maximum; column totals sum each segment.

Figure 7·Agent counts per drug-class family × nephron segment — the anatomy of class-level renal risk in one grid.

Which nephron structures absorb the most damage. Each ribbon groups agents by their signature injury (left) and carries them to every nephron segment those agents strike (right); ribbon width = agent count. The tallest right-hand nodes are the structures the catalog injures most — hover or tap a node to isolate its flows. A ribbon links an agent group to an anatomy, not a lesion to a segment: an agent's segments cover all of its injuries, so ifosfamide's cystitis reaches the bladder under its Fanconi signature.

Acute Tubular Necrosis → Glomerulus: 1 agents
Acute Tubular Necrosis → Vasculature / Endothelium: 3 agents
Acute Tubular Necrosis → Proximal Tubule: 26 agents
Acute Tubular Necrosis → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 2 agents
Acute Tubular Necrosis → Interstitium: 8 agents
Acute Tubular Necrosis → Tubular Lumen: 6 agents
Acute Interstitial Nephritis → Glomerulus: 13 agents
Acute Interstitial Nephritis → Vasculature / Endothelium: 1 agents
Acute Interstitial Nephritis → Proximal Tubule: 4 agents
Acute Interstitial Nephritis → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 6 agents
Acute Interstitial Nephritis → Interstitium: 18 agents
Thrombotic Microangiopathy → Glomerulus: 7 agents
Thrombotic Microangiopathy → Vasculature / Endothelium: 13 agents
Thrombotic Microangiopathy → Proximal Tubule: 1 agents
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria → Glomerulus: 15 agents
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria → Vasculature / Endothelium: 6 agents
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria → Proximal Tubule: 5 agents
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria → Interstitium: 1 agents
Electrolyte Disturbance → Vasculature / Endothelium: 10 agents
Electrolyte Disturbance → Proximal Tubule: 10 agents
Electrolyte Disturbance → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 18 agents
Electrolyte Disturbance → Tubular Lumen: 4 agents
Fanconi Syndrome → Proximal Tubule: 3 agents
Fanconi Syndrome → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 1 agents
Fanconi Syndrome → Bladder / Urothelium: 1 agents
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy → Vasculature / Endothelium: 14 agents
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy → Proximal Tubule: 6 agents
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 2 agents
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy → Tubular Lumen: 18 agents
Hypertension → Glomerulus: 14 agents
Hypertension → Vasculature / Endothelium: 23 agents
Hypertension → Proximal Tubule: 3 agents
Hypertension → Interstitium: 1 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Glomerulus: 5 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Vasculature / Endothelium: 99 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Proximal Tubule: 23 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 6 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Interstitium: 3 agents
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI → Tubular Lumen: 16 agents
SIADH / Hyponatremia → Vasculature / Endothelium: 1 agents
SIADH / Hyponatremia → Proximal Tubule: 1 agents
SIADH / Hyponatremia → Distal Tubule / Collecting Duct: 12 agents
SIADH / Hyponatremia → Bladder / Urothelium: 1 agents
Hemorrhagic Cystitis → Bladder / Urothelium: 1 agents
Pseudo-AKI → Vasculature / Endothelium: 11 agents
Pseudo-AKI → Proximal Tubule: 23 agents
Renal Cysts → Proximal Tubule: 1 agents
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy → Glomerulus: 1 agents
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy → Vasculature / Endothelium: 1 agents
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy → Proximal Tubule: 5 agents
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy → Interstitium: 7 agents

Ribbon width = agents whose signature injury strikes that segment · left node height = agent-incidences per injury (an agent striking several segments counts in each) · right node height = total agent-incidences per segment.

Figure 8·Agents grouped by signature kidney injury (left), flowing to every nephron segment those agents strike (right); ribbon width is the number of agents. The tallest right-hand nodes are the structures the catalog injures most — the vasculature/endothelium leads, then the proximal tubule, with the glomerulus third. A ribbon is an agent-level association: an agent's segments span all of its injuries, not only its signature.

Evidence & literature

How the evidence base grew, how deep it runs, and who built it.

Every citation record placed by its publication year and its citing drug's signature kidney injury — a reference shared across agents counts once per agent. Band composition shows the field's focus shifting: platinum tubular injury, then anti-VEGF vascular disease, then checkpoint-inhibitor interstitial nephritis. Hover a year; click a band to isolate an injury.

53 years · each citation counted once per citing agent · band thickness = citation records that year

Figure 9·Evidence over CALENDAR time: citation records per publication year (a reference shared across agents counts once per agent), stacked by the citing drug's signature injury — the volume and shifting focus of what the literature is paying attention to (the era alluvial is the complementary agent-count view by drug era).

How long each agent's kidney signal took to surface — from approval (hollow) to its first dated atlas citation (filled). The bar is the lag.

Mechlorethamine: approved 1949, first atlas citation 2011 (62-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Alkylating agents
Methotrexate (high-dose): approved 1953, first atlas citation 2010 (57-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
Busulfan: approved 1954, first atlas citation 2001 (47-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Alkylating agents
Mitotane: approved 1970, first atlas citation 2017 (47-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Hormonal / endocrine
Chlorambucil: approved 1957, first atlas citation 1999 (42-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Alkylating agents
Thiotepa: approved 1959, first atlas citation 1998 (39-year lag) · Hemorrhagic Cystitis · Alkylating agents
Vincristine: approved 1963, first atlas citation 2002 (39-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Microtubule inhibitors
Hydroxyurea: approved 1967, first atlas citation 2003 (36-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D): approved 1964, first atlas citation 1996 (32-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Antitumor antibiotics
Tamoxifen: approved 1977, first atlas citation 2006 (29-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Hormonal / endocrine
5-Fluorouracil: approved 1962, first atlas citation 1987 (25-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antimetabolites
Irinotecan: approved 1996, first atlas citation 2020 (24-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Topoisomerase inhibitors
Paclitaxel: approved 1992, first atlas citation 2015 (23-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Microtubule inhibitors
Leuprolide: approved 1985, first atlas citation 2007 (22-year lag) · Hypertension · Hormonal / endocrine
Melphalan: approved 1964, first atlas citation 1985 (21-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Alkylating agents
Cisplatin: approved 1978, first atlas citation 1998 (20-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Platinum agents
Topotecan: approved 1996, first atlas citation 2015 (19-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Topoisomerase inhibitors
Doxorubicin: approved 1974, first atlas citation 1991 (17-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · Antitumor antibiotics
Cyclophosphamide: approved 1959, first atlas citation 1974 (15-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Alkylating agents
Dacarbazine: approved 1975, first atlas citation 1990 (15-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Alkylating agents
Vinblastine: approved 1965, first atlas citation 1980 (15-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Microtubule inhibitors
Docetaxel: approved 1996, first atlas citation 2010 (14-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Microtubule inhibitors
Procarbazine: approved 1969, first atlas citation 1983 (14-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Alkylating agents
Plicamycin (mithramycin): approved 1970, first atlas citation 1983 (13-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Antitumor antibiotics
Vinorelbine: approved 1994, first atlas citation 2007 (13-year lag) · SIADH / Hyponatremia · Microtubule inhibitors
Bortezomib: approved 2003, first atlas citation 2015 (12-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Other targeted agents
Etoposide: approved 1983, first atlas citation 1995 (12-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Topoisomerase inhibitors
Idarubicin: approved 1990, first atlas citation 2002 (12-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antitumor antibiotics
Nimustine (ACNU): approved 1979, first atlas citation 1991 (12-year lag) · Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy · Alkylating agents
Arsenic trioxide: approved 2000, first atlas citation 2011 (11-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Other targeted agents
Rituximab: approved 1997, first atlas citation 2008 (11-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Monoclonal antibodies (other)
Interferon-α: approved 1986, first atlas citation 1997 (11-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · Cytokines & enzymes
Cytarabine: approved 1969, first atlas citation 1979 (10-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
Mitomycin C: approved 1974, first atlas citation 1984 (10-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antitumor antibiotics
Pamidronate: approved 1991, first atlas citation 2001 (10-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · Bisphosphonates & bone
Strontium-89 chloride: approved 1993, first atlas citation 2003 (10-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Radiopharmaceuticals
Pegaspargase: approved 1994, first atlas citation 2003 (9-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Cytokines & enzymes
Nilotinib: approved 2007, first atlas citation 2015 (8-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · BCR-ABL inhibitors
Dasatinib: approved 2006, first atlas citation 2013 (7-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · BCR-ABL inhibitors
Abemaciclib: approved 2017, first atlas citation 2024 (7-year lag) · Pseudo-AKI · CDK4/6 inhibitors
Pazopanib: approved 2009, first atlas citation 2016 (7-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)
Mitoxantrone: approved 1987, first atlas citation 1993 (6-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antitumor antibiotics
Tegafur-uracil (UFT): approved 1984, first atlas citation 1990 (6-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antimetabolites
Samarium-153 lexidronam: approved 1997, first atlas citation 2003 (6-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Radiopharmaceuticals
Nelarabine: approved 2005, first atlas citation 2010 (5-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
Daratumumab: approved 2015, first atlas citation 2020 (5-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Monoclonal antibodies (other)
Octreotide: approved 1988, first atlas citation 1993 (5-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Hormonal / endocrine
Ipilimumab: approved 2011, first atlas citation 2016 (5-year lag) · Acute Interstitial Nephritis · Checkpoint inhibitors
Carmustine (BCNU): approved 1977, first atlas citation 1981 (4-year lag) · Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy · Alkylating agents
Decitabine: approved 2006, first atlas citation 2010 (4-year lag) · Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
Bevacizumab: approved 2004, first atlas citation 2008 (4-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)
Crizotinib: approved 2011, first atlas citation 2015 (4-year lag) · Renal Cysts · ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors
Ribociclib: approved 2017, first atlas citation 2021 (4-year lag) · Pseudo-AKI · CDK4/6 inhibitors
Cabazitaxel: approved 2010, first atlas citation 2014 (4-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Microtubule inhibitors
Asparaginase: approved 1978, first atlas citation 1982 (4-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Cytokines & enzymes
Denosumab: approved 2010, first atlas citation 2014 (4-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Bisphosphonates & bone
Ruxolitinib: approved 2011, first atlas citation 2015 (4-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Other kinase inhibitors
Bleomycin: approved 1973, first atlas citation 1977 (4-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Antitumor antibiotics
Carmofur (HCFU): approved 1981, first atlas citation 1985 (4-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antimetabolites
Oxaliplatin: approved 2002, first atlas citation 2005 (3-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Platinum agents
Ifosfamide: approved 1988, first atlas citation 1991 (3-year lag) · Fanconi Syndrome · Alkylating agents
Lomustine (CCNU): approved 1976, first atlas citation 1979 (3-year lag) · Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy · Alkylating agents
Gemcitabine: approved 1996, first atlas citation 1999 (3-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antimetabolites
Capecitabine: approved 1998, first atlas citation 2001 (3-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Antimetabolites
Lenvatinib: approved 2015, first atlas citation 2018 (3-year lag) · Hypertension · Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)
Sirolimus: approved 1999, first atlas citation 2002 (3-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · mTOR inhibitors
Cetuximab: approved 2004, first atlas citation 2007 (3-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · Monoclonal antibodies (other)
Erlotinib: approved 2004, first atlas citation 2007 (3-year lag) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · EGFR / HER2 inhibitors
CAR-T cell therapy: approved 2017, first atlas citation 2020 (3-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · CAR-T cell therapy
Ponatinib: approved 2012, first atlas citation 2015 (3-year lag) · Hypertension · BCR-ABL inhibitors
Bosutinib: approved 2012, first atlas citation 2015 (3-year lag) · Pseudo-AKI · BCR-ABL inhibitors
Niraparib: approved 2017, first atlas citation 2020 (3-year lag) · Hypertension · Other targeted agents
Palbociclib: approved 2015, first atlas citation 2018 (3-year lag) · Pseudo-AKI · CDK4/6 inhibitors
Catumaxomab: approved 2009, first atlas citation 2012 (3-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Bispecifics / T-cell engagers
Sorafenib: approved 2005, first atlas citation 2008 (3-year lag) · Hypertension · Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)
Pemetrexed: approved 2004, first atlas citation 2006 (2-year lag) · Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy · Antimetabolites
VEGFR TKIs (sunitinib · sorafenib · pazopanib · axitinib): approved 2006, first atlas citation 2008 (2-year lag) · Hypertension · Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)
Checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab · nivolumab · ipilimumab): approved 2014, first atlas citation 2016 (2-year lag) · Acute Interstitial Nephritis · Checkpoint inhibitors
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): approved 2013, first atlas citation 2015 (2-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Antibody-drug conjugates
Brentuximab vedotin: approved 2011, first atlas citation 2013 (2-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Antibody-drug conjugates
Carfilzomib: approved 2012, first atlas citation 2014 (2-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Other targeted agents
Ixazomib: approved 2015, first atlas citation 2017 (2-year lag) · Thrombotic Microangiopathy · Other targeted agents
Lenalidomide: approved 2005, first atlas citation 2007 (2-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Other targeted agents
Thalidomide: approved 2006, first atlas citation 2008 (2-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Other targeted agents
Imatinib: approved 2001, first atlas citation 2003 (2-year lag) · Electrolyte Disturbance · BCR-ABL inhibitors
BRAF / MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib · dabrafenib · trametinib): approved 2011, first atlas citation 2013 (2-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · BRAF / MEK inhibitors
Ibrutinib: approved 2013, first atlas citation 2015 (2-year lag) · Hypertension · BTK inhibitors
Tretinoin (ATRA): approved 1995, first atlas citation 1997 (2-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Other targeted agents
Tagraxofusp: approved 2018, first atlas citation 2020 (2-year lag) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · Other targeted agents
Zoledronic acid: approved 2001, first atlas citation 2003 (2-year lag) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · Bisphosphonates & bone

The 90 longest-lag agents (of those with both an approval year and a dated citation) · hollow = approval · filled = first atlas citation · bar = years to first dated citation · color = signature injury.

Acute Tubular NecrosisAcute Interstitial NephritisThrombotic MicroangiopathyGlomerular Injury / ProteinuriaElectrolyte DisturbanceFanconi SyndromeCrystal / Obstructive NephropathyHypertensionPrerenal / Hemodynamic AKISIADH / HyponatremiaHemorrhagic CystitisPseudo-AKIRenal CystsChronic Interstitial Nephropathy

Figure 10·From approval to the first dated atlas citation — the lag before a kidney signal reached the literature, for the 90 longest-lag agents (those whose earliest citation post-dates approval).

Every catalog agent with citation evidence by evidence depth (citations, horizontal) and recency (newest reference, vertical). The crosshairs are the medians — the upper-left quadrant is the frontier (fresh but thin), the lower-right is deep but aging.

299 agents · x = citation count (log) · y = newest citation year · crosshair = medians.

Cisplatin — 20 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Lutetium-177 Dotatate — 19 citations, newest 2025, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Ifosfamide — 15 citations, newest 2026, Fanconi Syndrome
Atezolizumab — 15 citations, newest 2025, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Pembrolizumab — 15 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Gemcitabine — 14 citations, newest 2026, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Mitomycin C — 13 citations, newest 2025, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Lenvatinib — 13 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Sirolimus — 13 citations, newest 2019, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Carfilzomib — 13 citations, newest 2025, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Ipilimumab — 13 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Cetuximab — 13 citations, newest 2022, Electrolyte Disturbance
Carboplatin — 12 citations, newest 2024, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Doxorubicin — 12 citations, newest 2026, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Gefitinib — 12 citations, newest 2018, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Venetoclax — 12 citations, newest 2025, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide) — 12 citations, newest 2026, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Everolimus — 12 citations, newest 2025, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Zoledronic acid — 11 citations, newest 2026, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Nedaplatin — 11 citations, newest 2023, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Fludarabine — 11 citations, newest 2017, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Ramucirumab — 11 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Durvalumab — 11 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Cemiplimab — 11 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Selpercatinib — 11 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Abiraterone — 11 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Pentostatin — 11 citations, newest 2013, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Sorafenib — 11 citations, newest 2021, Hypertension
Oxaliplatin — 10 citations, newest 2026, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Methotrexate (high-dose) — 10 citations, newest 2025, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Pemetrexed — 10 citations, newest 2026, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Interleukin-2 (high-dose) — 10 citations, newest 2011, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Streptozocin — 10 citations, newest 2026, Fanconi Syndrome
Bendamustine — 10 citations, newest 2026, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Clofarabine — 10 citations, newest 2020, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Cabozantinib — 10 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Regorafenib — 10 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Elranatamab — 10 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Enfortumab vedotin — 10 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Crizotinib — 10 citations, newest 2025, Renal Cysts
Tretinoin (ATRA) — 10 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Docetaxel — 10 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Denosumab — 10 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Fruquintinib — 10 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Trabectedin — 10 citations, newest 2019, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Selinexor — 10 citations, newest 2024, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Cladribine — 10 citations, newest 2023, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel — 10 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Nivolumab — 10 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Panitumumab — 10 citations, newest 2026, Electrolyte Disturbance
Trametinib — 10 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Temsirolimus — 10 citations, newest 2016, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Bevacizumab — 9 citations, newest 2019, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
CAR-T cell therapy — 9 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lomustine (CCNU) — 9 citations, newest 2019, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Temozolomide — 9 citations, newest 2025, SIADH / Hyponatremia
5-Fluorouracil — 9 citations, newest 2024, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Capecitabine — 9 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Cytarabine — 9 citations, newest 2023, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Plicamycin (mithramycin) — 9 citations, newest 2017, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Nintedanib — 9 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Necitumumab — 9 citations, newest 2021, Electrolyte Disturbance
Osimertinib — 9 citations, newest 2026, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Erlotinib — 9 citations, newest 2024, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Avelumab — 9 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Dostarlimab — 9 citations, newest 2025, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Teclistamab — 9 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Epcoritamab — 9 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lenalidomide — 9 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Imatinib — 9 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Dasatinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Ponatinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Bosutinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Alectinib — 9 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Brigatinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Encorafenib — 9 citations, newest 2022, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Binimetinib — 9 citations, newest 2022, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Pemigatinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Ibrutinib — 9 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Arsenic trioxide — 9 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Daratumumab — 9 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ribociclib — 9 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Etoposide — 9 citations, newest 2021, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Vincristine — 9 citations, newest 2024, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Paclitaxel — 9 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Cabazitaxel — 9 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ibandronate — 9 citations, newest 2024, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Enzalutamide — 9 citations, newest 2024, Hypertension
Idecabtagene vicleucel — 9 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mitoxantrone — 9 citations, newest 2016, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Pazopanib — 9 citations, newest 2024, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Vemurafenib — 9 citations, newest 2021, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Dabrafenib — 9 citations, newest 2022, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Iobenguane I-131 — 9 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Cyclophosphamide — 8 citations, newest 2023, SIADH / Hyponatremia
VEGFR TKIs (sunitinib · sorafenib · pazopanib · axitinib) — 8 citations, newest 2024, Hypertension
mTOR inhibitors (everolimus · temsirolimus) — 8 citations, newest 2019, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab · nivolumab · ipilimumab) — 8 citations, newest 2023, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Interferon-α — 8 citations, newest 2025, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
BRAF / MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib · dabrafenib · trametinib) — 8 citations, newest 2022, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Melphalan — 8 citations, newest 2025, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Busulfan — 8 citations, newest 2019, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Thiotepa — 8 citations, newest 2024, Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Pralatrexate — 8 citations, newest 2022, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Azacitidine — 8 citations, newest 2024, Fanconi Syndrome
Ziv-aflibercept — 8 citations, newest 2022, Hypertension
Afatinib — 8 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Blinatumomab — 8 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mosunetuzumab — 8 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ixazomib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Nilotinib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lorlatinib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Olaparib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Niraparib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Capmatinib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Tepotinib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Enasidenib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Acalabrutinib — 8 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Rituximab — 8 citations, newest 2024, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Obinutuzumab — 8 citations, newest 2025, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Abemaciclib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Palbociclib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Vinblastine — 8 citations, newest 2024, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Leuprolide — 8 citations, newest 2024, Hypertension
Tarlatamab — 8 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Capivasertib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Radium-223 dichloride — 8 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lurbinectedin — 8 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Moxetumomab pasudotox — 8 citations, newest 2020, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Denileukin diftitox — 8 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pegaspargase — 8 citations, newest 2020, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Idarubicin — 8 citations, newest 2023, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Tislelizumab — 8 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Sunitinib — 8 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Naxitamab — 8 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lisocabtagene maraleucel — 8 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gallium nitrate — 8 citations, newest 2003, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Tasonermin — 8 citations, newest 2000, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Disitamab vedotin — 8 citations, newest 2026, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Anitocabtagene autoleucel — 8 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Carmustine (BCNU) — 7 citations, newest 2012, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Hydroxyurea — 7 citations, newest 2020, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Talquetamab — 7 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) — 7 citations, newest 2026, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Bortezomib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Pomalidomide — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Rucaparib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Cobimetinib — 7 citations, newest 2022, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Erdafitinib — 7 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Belzutifan — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zanubrutinib — 7 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Isatuximab — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tagraxofusp — 7 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Vinorelbine — 7 citations, newest 2024, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Amivantamab — 7 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Nirogacestat — 7 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Ruxolitinib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Momelotinib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Entrectinib — 7 citations, newest 2024, Pseudo-AKI
Infigratinib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Mobocertinib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Larotrectinib — 7 citations, newest 2020, Pseudo-AKI
Estramustine — 7 citations, newest 2015, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Alpelisib — 7 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Duvelisib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gilteritinib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Midostaurin — 7 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Asciminib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Ripretinib — 7 citations, newest 2026, Hypertension
Tazemetostat — 7 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Dinutuximab — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Relatlimab — 7 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Trifluridine/tipiracil — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Bleomycin — 7 citations, newest 2021, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Octreotide — 7 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Toripalimab — 7 citations, newest 2024, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Axitinib — 7 citations, newest 2023, Hypertension
Pacritinib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Avutometinib — 7 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Fedratinib — 7 citations, newest 2020, Electrolyte Disturbance
Odronextamab — 7 citations, newest 2025, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Sonrotoclax — 7 citations, newest 2026, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Iberdomide — 7 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pamidronate — 6 citations, newest 2011, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Decitabine — 6 citations, newest 2023, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Nelarabine — 6 citations, newest 2020, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Vandetanib — 6 citations, newest 2023, Hypertension
Glofitamab — 6 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Trastuzumab deruxtecan — 6 citations, newest 2026, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Belantamab mafodotin — 6 citations, newest 2026, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Thalidomide — 6 citations, newest 2017, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ceritinib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Talazoparib — 6 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Selumetinib — 6 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Futibatinib — 6 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Pralsetinib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Hypertension
Ivosidenib — 6 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Sotorasib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Adagrasib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Eribulin — 6 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Asparaginase — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tamoxifen — 6 citations, newest 2023, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) — 6 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Revumenib — 6 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pirtobrutinib — 6 citations, newest 2024, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy
Lazertinib — 6 citations, newest 2024, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Repotrectinib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Lifileucel — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Quizartinib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ibritumomab tiuxetan — 6 citations, newest 2004, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Idelalisib — 6 citations, newest 2021, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Copanlisib — 6 citations, newest 2021, Hypertension
Vismodegib — 6 citations, newest 2023, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Sonidegib — 6 citations, newest 2023, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Glasdegib — 6 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Neratinib — 6 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Olutasidenib — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tafasitamab — 6 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mogamulizumab — 6 citations, newest 2021, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Lanreotide — 6 citations, newest 2018, Electrolyte Disturbance
Mitotane — 6 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Retifanlimab — 6 citations, newest 2025, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Linvoseltamab — 6 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pivekimab sunirine — 6 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tivozanib — 5 citations, newest 2021, Hypertension
Sacituzumab govitecan — 5 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Brentuximab vedotin — 5 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Irinotecan — 5 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zanidatamab — 5 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Imetelstat — 5 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Ziftomenib — 5 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Avapritinib — 5 citations, newest 2021, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Pexidartinib — 5 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Loncastuximab tesirine — 5 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Vinflunine — 5 citations, newest 2019, Electrolyte Disturbance
Teniposide — 5 citations, newest 2021, Electrolyte Disturbance
Darolutamide — 5 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Cosibelimab — 5 citations, newest 2025, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Ivonescimab — 5 citations, newest 2025, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Olverembatinib — 5 citations, newest 2026, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria
Vimseltinib — 5 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Penpulimab — 5 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Sugemalimab — 5 citations, newest 2024, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Ensartinib — 5 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel) — 5 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Cadonilimab — 5 citations, newest 2026, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Polatuzumab vedotin — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mirvetuximab soravtansine — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin — 4 citations, newest 2020, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Inotuzumab ozogamicin — 4 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Topotecan — 4 citations, newest 2022, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tovorafenib — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Mirdametinib — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Sunvozertinib — 4 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Tucatinib — 4 citations, newest 2024, Pseudo-AKI
Casdatifan — 4 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zongertinib — 4 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Tisotumab vedotin — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Tebentafusp — 4 citations, newest 2023, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zolbetuximab — 4 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Elacestrant — 4 citations, newest 2024, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Raltitrexed — 4 citations, newest 2021, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Elotuzumab — 4 citations, newest 2017, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen) — 4 citations, newest 2026, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Procarbazine — 4 citations, newest 2021, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Catumaxomab — 4 citations, newest 2017, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Fotemustine — 4 citations, newest 2015, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Nimustine (ACNU) — 4 citations, newest 2023, Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) — 4 citations, newest 2017, Electrolyte Disturbance
Mechlorethamine — 4 citations, newest 2021, Electrolyte Disturbance
Amsacrine — 4 citations, newest 2017, Electrolyte Disturbance
Tegafur-uracil (UFT) — 4 citations, newest 2021, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Doxifluridine — 4 citations, newest 2021, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Samarium-153 lexidronam — 4 citations, newest 2014, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Bicalutamide — 4 citations, newest 2020, Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Strontium-89 chloride — 4 citations, newest 2021, Electrolyte Disturbance
Vorasidenib — 4 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Taletrectinib — 4 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
Inavolisib — 4 citations, newest 2024, Electrolyte Disturbance
Afamitresgene autoleucel (Afami-cel) — 4 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zidesamtinib — 4 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Chlorambucil — 3 citations, newest 2021, SIADH / Hyponatremia
Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine) — 3 citations, newest 2017, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Carmofur (HCFU) — 3 citations, newest 2021, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) — 3 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Relacorilant — 3 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance
Sevabertinib — 3 citations, newest 2026, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Gedatolisib — 3 citations, newest 2026, Electrolyte Disturbance
Dacarbazine — 2 citations, newest 2001, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Imlunestrant — 2 citations, newest 2025, Pseudo-AKI
Vepdegestrant — 2 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Dordaviprone — 2 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Zenocutuzumab — 2 citations, newest 2025, Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI
Actinium 225 PSMA — 2 citations, newest 2025, Acute Tubular Necrosis
Furmonertinib — 2 citations, newest 2026, Electrolyte Disturbance
Defactinib — 2 citations, newest 2023, Electrolyte Disturbance
promacta — 1 citations, newest 2010, Thrombotic Microangiopathy
saruparib — 1 citations, newest 2026, Pseudo-AKI
daraxonrasib — 1 citations, newest 2025, Electrolyte Disturbance

Figure 11·Each profiled agent by citation depth (x) and newest-reference recency (y); the median crosshairs mark the frontier (fresh & thin, upper-left) and the established core (deep & aging, lower-right).

Published relative risks and odds ratios for kidney-injury associations in cancer therapy, on a log axis with the null line at 1.0. Right of the line is increased risk; left is protective. These are clinical effect sizes from trials and meta-analyses, the complement to the FAERS reporting signals in the section below.

Panitumumab → Grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia: RR 18.29 (7.29–48.41) · Electrolyte Disturbance · PMID 25542231 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Severe CRS → CAR-T–associated AKI: OR 16.4 (1.9–138.5) · Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI · PMID 39506012 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Bevacizumab → Nephrotic syndrome: RR 7.78 (1.8–33.62) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · PMID 20538785 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Bevacizumab (high dose) → Hypertension: RR 7.5 (4.2–13.4) · Hypertension · PMID 17261421 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Cetuximab → Grade 3/4 hypomagnesemia: RR 7.14 (3.13–16.27) · Electrolyte Disturbance · PMID 25542231 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Anti-EGFR mAb → Any-grade hypomagnesemia: OR 6.73 (3.84–11.82) · Electrolyte Disturbance · PMID 19906103 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Bevacizumab → High-grade hypertension: RR 5.28 (4.15–6.71) · Hypertension · PMID 20186127 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Bevacizumab → High-grade proteinuria: RR 4.79 (2.71–8.46) · Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria · PMID 20538785 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Bevacizumab (low dose) → Hypertension: RR 3 (2.2–4.2) · Hypertension · PMID 17261421 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Concurrent PPI → Checkpoint-inhibitor AKI: OR 1.84 (1.16–2.9) · Acute Interstitial Nephritis · PMID 38471492 (opens PubMed in a new tab)
Magnesium prophylaxis → Cisplatin AKI: OR 0.24 (0.19–0.32) (protective) · Acute Tubular Necrosis · PMID 31429065 (opens PubMed in a new tab)

11 estimates · x = effect size (log), null at 1.0 · whisker = 95% CI · colored by the injury each estimate is for. Effect sizes as reported; heterogeneous designs (RCT meta-analyses, cohorts) — not directly comparable across rows.

Figure 12·Published relative risks and odds ratios for anti-cancer-drug kidney-injury associations, on a log axis with the null at 1.0 — the clinical-trial/meta-analysis complement to the FAERS reporting signals (fig 15). Right of the line is increased risk, left is protective (magnesium prophylaxis against cisplatin AKI); every estimate is quoted from a real PubMed record. Designs are heterogeneous (RCT meta-analyses, cohorts), so rows are not directly comparable.

The rise of onconephrology in the literature: each year's height stacks the clinical PubMed papers matching each of the eight subfield queries behind the contributor atlas — a paper matching two subfields adds to both bands, so the stacked total counts memberships, not distinct papers. The drug-toxicity base gives way to the myeloma/MGRS surge and the checkpoint-inhibitor era. Hover a year; click a band to isolate a subfield.

38 years · a paper may match more than one subfield · band height = papers matching that subfield · 2026 is shaded because the corpus was harvested mid-year — its dip is incomplete indexing, not a decline

Figure 13·The growth of onconephrology itself: CLINICAL PubMed papers per year across the eight subfield queries behind the contributor atlas (/authors). Where the other figures count the catalog's agents and citations, this counts the field's human/clinical output — the drug-toxicity base giving way to the myeloma/MGRS surge and the checkpoint-inhibitor era.

Dispenzieri, Angela and Gertz, Morie A: 75 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Leung, Nelson: 64 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Lacy, Martha Q: 59 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Lacy, Martha Q: 59 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Nasr, Samih H: 59 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Leung, Nelson: 57 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Terpos, Evangelos: 56 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Kumar, Shaji K: 54 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Kumar, Shaji K: 51 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Kastritis, Efstathios: 47 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Leung, Nelson: 47 shared corpus papers
Lacy, Martha Q and Leung, Nelson: 44 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Lacy, Martha Q: 43 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Kyle, Robert A: 42 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Sethi, Sanjeev: 39 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Terpos, Evangelos: 38 shared corpus papers
Nasr, Samih H and Sethi, Sanjeev: 38 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Sethi, Sanjeev: 37 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Kyle, Robert A: 37 shared corpus papers
Kyle, Robert A and Leung, Nelson: 35 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Kyle, Robert A: 32 shared corpus papers
Kyle, Robert A and Lacy, Martha Q: 31 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Leung, Nelson: 30 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Palladini, Giovanni: 25 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Leung, Nelson: 23 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Nasr, Samih H: 23 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Nasr, Samih H: 23 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Leung, Nelson: 21 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Sethi, Sanjeev: 21 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Richardson, Paul G: 19 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Nasr, Samih H: 17 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Nasr, Samih H: 17 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Leaf, David E: 16 shared corpus papers
D'Agati, Vivette D and Nasr, Samih H: 13 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Fervenza, Fernando C: 13 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Sise, Meghan E: 13 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Leung, Nelson: 13 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Richardson, Paul G: 12 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Gertz, Morie A: 12 shared corpus papers
D'Agati, Vivette D and Sethi, Sanjeev: 11 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Sethi, Sanjeev: 11 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Nasr, Samih H: 11 shared corpus papers
Perazella, Mark A and Rosner, Mitchell H: 11 shared corpus papers
D'Agati, Vivette D and Leung, Nelson: 10 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Kumar, Shaji K: 10 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Lacy, Martha Q: 10 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Leung, Nelson: 10 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Fervenza, Fernando C: 9 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Sethi, Sanjeev: 9 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 9 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Herrmann, Sandra M: 9 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Kitchlu, Abhijat: 9 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Merlini, Giampaolo: 9 shared corpus papers
Kyle, Robert A and Nasr, Samih H: 9 shared corpus papers
Leaf, David E and Sise, Meghan E: 9 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Gupta, Shruti: 8 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Kitchlu, Abhijat: 8 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Perazella, Mark A: 8 shared corpus papers
Lacy, Martha Q and Nasr, Samih H: 8 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Dispenzieri, Angela: 7 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Merlini, Giampaolo: 7 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Kyle, Robert A: 7 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Sise, Meghan E: 7 shared corpus papers
Izzedine, Hassan and Perazella, Mark A: 7 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Nasr, Samih H: 7 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Sethi, Sanjeev: 7 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Merlini, Giampaolo: 7 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 7 shared corpus papers
Palladini, Giovanni and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 7 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Herrmann, Sandra M: 6 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Kitchlu, Abhijat: 6 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Leaf, David E: 6 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and D'Agati, Vivette D: 6 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Leung, Nelson: 6 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Merlini, Giampaolo: 6 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Leaf, David E: 6 shared corpus papers
Izzedine, Hassan and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 6 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Rosner, Mitchell H: 6 shared corpus papers
Kyle, Robert A and Sethi, Sanjeev: 6 shared corpus papers
Azoulay, Elie and Zafrani, Lara: 5 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Kastritis, Efstathios: 5 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Sethi, Sanjeev: 5 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Merlini, Giampaolo: 5 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Kastritis, Efstathios: 5 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Merlini, Giampaolo: 5 shared corpus papers
Hutchison, Colin A and Leung, Nelson: 5 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Sise, Meghan E: 5 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Kyle, Robert A: 5 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Palladini, Giovanni: 5 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 5 shared corpus papers
Kitchlu, Abhijat and Leaf, David E: 5 shared corpus papers
Kyle, Robert A and Merlini, Giampaolo: 5 shared corpus papers
Lacy, Martha Q and Sethi, Sanjeev: 5 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Terpos, Evangelos: 5 shared corpus papers
Richardson, Paul G and Terpos, Evangelos: 5 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 4 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Sise, Meghan E: 4 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and D'Agati, Vivette D: 4 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Kyle, Robert A: 4 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Hutchison, Colin A: 4 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Dispenzieri, Angela: 4 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Gertz, Morie A: 4 shared corpus papers
D'Agati, Vivette D and Fervenza, Fernando C: 4 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Hutchison, Colin A: 4 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Herrmann, Sandra M: 4 shared corpus papers
Gratama, Jan W and Lamers, Cor H J: 4 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Rosner, Mitchell H: 4 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 4 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Rosner, Mitchell H: 4 shared corpus papers
Hutchison, Colin A and Kyle, Robert A: 4 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Leaf, David E: 4 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Richardson, Paul G: 4 shared corpus papers
Kitchlu, Abhijat and Sise, Meghan E: 4 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Terpos, Evangelos: 4 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 4 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Rosner, Mitchell H: 3 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Dimopoulos, Meletios A: 3 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Kyle, Robert A: 3 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Kumar, Shaji K: 3 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Dimopoulos, Meletios A: 3 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 3 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Palladini, Giovanni: 3 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Palladini, Giovanni: 3 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Perazella, Mark A: 3 shared corpus papers
Kitchlu, Abhijat and Leung, Nelson: 3 shared corpus papers
Kitchlu, Abhijat and Rosner, Mitchell H: 3 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Rosner, Mitchell H: 3 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Richardson, Paul G: 3 shared corpus papers
Marasco, Wayne A and Suarez, Eloah Rabello: 3 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Nasr, Samih H: 3 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Sethi, Sanjeev: 3 shared corpus papers
Merlini, Giampaolo and Richardson, Paul G: 3 shared corpus papers
Abudayyeh, Ala and Leung, Nelson: 2 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Terpos, Evangelos: 2 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 2 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Terpos, Evangelos: 2 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Cornell, Lynn D: 2 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Palladini, Giovanni: 2 shared corpus papers
Bridoux, Frank and Fervenza, Fernando C: 2 shared corpus papers
Chen, Helen X and Rini, Brian I: 2 shared corpus papers
Cornell, Lynn D and Lacy, Martha Q: 2 shared corpus papers
D'Agati, Vivette D and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Dispenzieri, Angela: 2 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Palladini, Giovanni: 2 shared corpus papers
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Kumar, Shaji K: 2 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Dispenzieri, Angela and Herrmann, Sandra M: 2 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Kastritis, Efstathios: 2 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Merlini, Giampaolo: 2 shared corpus papers
Fervenza, Fernando C and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Gertz, Morie A and Herrmann, Sandra M: 2 shared corpus papers
Gupta, Shruti and Leung, Nelson: 2 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Nasr, Samih H: 2 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Sethi, Sanjeev: 2 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Kumar, Shaji K: 2 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Perazella, Mark A: 2 shared corpus papers
Herrmann, Sandra M and Lacy, Martha Q: 2 shared corpus papers
Hutchison, Colin A and Nasr, Samih H: 2 shared corpus papers
Hutchison, Colin A and Kastritis, Efstathios: 2 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Leung, Nelson: 2 shared corpus papers
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Kitchlu, Abhijat: 2 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Nasr, Samih H: 2 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Sethi, Sanjeev: 2 shared corpus papers
Kastritis, Efstathios and Kumar, Shaji K: 2 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Merlini, Giampaolo: 2 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Kumar, Shaji K and Richardson, Paul G: 2 shared corpus papers
Leaf, David E and Perazella, Mark A: 2 shared corpus papers
Leaf, David E and Rosner, Mitchell H: 2 shared corpus papers
Leung, Nelson and Palladini, Giovanni: 2 shared corpus papers
Nasr, Samih H and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Sethi, Sanjeev and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 2 shared corpus papers
Anderson, Kenneth C and Leung, Nelson: 1 shared corpus paper
Anderson, Kenneth C and Dispenzieri, Angela: 1 shared corpus paper
Anderson, Kenneth C and Kastritis, Efstathios: 1 shared corpus paper
Anderson, Kenneth C and Merlini, Giampaolo: 1 shared corpus paper
Anderson, Kenneth C and Gupta, Shruti: 1 shared corpus paper
Bridoux, Frank and Richardson, Paul G: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Kyle, Robert A: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Kumar, Shaji K: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Gupta, Shruti: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Herrmann, Sandra M: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Sise, Meghan E: 1 shared corpus paper
Cornell, Lynn D and Leaf, David E: 1 shared corpus paper
D'Agati, Vivette D and Dispenzieri, Angela: 1 shared corpus paper
D'Agati, Vivette D and Kyle, Robert A: 1 shared corpus paper
D'Agati, Vivette D and Kumar, Shaji K: 1 shared corpus paper
D'Agati, Vivette D and Kastritis, Efstathios: 1 shared corpus paper
D'Agati, Vivette D and Merlini, Giampaolo: 1 shared corpus paper
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Jhaveri, Kenar D: 1 shared corpus paper
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 1 shared corpus paper
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Gertz, Morie A: 1 shared corpus paper
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Lacy, Martha Q: 1 shared corpus paper
Dimopoulos, Meletios A and Kyle, Robert A: 1 shared corpus paper
Dispenzieri, Angela and Richardson, Paul G: 1 shared corpus paper
Dispenzieri, Angela and Terpos, Evangelos: 1 shared corpus paper
Fervenza, Fernando C and Hutchison, Colin A: 1 shared corpus paper
Gertz, Morie A and Kastritis, Efstathios: 1 shared corpus paper
Gertz, Morie A and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 1 shared corpus paper
Gertz, Morie A and Hutchison, Colin A: 1 shared corpus paper
Herrmann, Sandra M and Kyle, Robert A: 1 shared corpus paper
Hutchison, Colin A and Sethi, Sanjeev: 1 shared corpus paper
Hutchison, Colin A and Kumar, Shaji K: 1 shared corpus paper
Hutchison, Colin A and Merlini, Giampaolo: 1 shared corpus paper
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Nasr, Samih H: 1 shared corpus paper
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Terpos, Evangelos: 1 shared corpus paper
Jhaveri, Kenar D and Kastritis, Efstathios: 1 shared corpus paper
Kitchlu, Abhijat and Perazella, Mark A: 1 shared corpus paper
Kumar, Shaji K and Terpos, Evangelos: 1 shared corpus paper
Kumar, Shaji K and Palladini, Giovanni: 1 shared corpus paper
Kyle, Robert A and Terpos, Evangelos: 1 shared corpus paper
Kyle, Robert A and Wechalekar, Ashutosh D: 1 shared corpus paper
Kyle, Robert A and Palladini, Giovanni: 1 shared corpus paper
Kyle, Robert A and Richardson, Paul G: 1 shared corpus paper
Palladini, Giovanni and Terpos, Evangelos: 1 shared corpus paper

Onco-nephrology (general)
Anticancer drug nephrotoxicity
MGRS & paraprotein kidney disease
Myeloma cast nephropathy
Anti-VEGF / TKI renal effects
Tumor lysis & electrolytes
Cellular therapy renal effects

Hover, tap, or focus a node to trace its co-authorship links and reach the contributor page.

Arcs and co-author counts are drawn only between recognized contributors, and papers with more than 40 authors are left out of the pair tally — a lower bound on the full collaboration graph, not a complete count.

Figure 14·The onconephrology co-authorship structure: each recognized contributor (/authors) sits on the ring inside their primary-subfield sector, and an arc joins two contributors who share corpus papers, weighted by shared-paper count — the dense myeloma/MGRS core, the smaller tumor-lysis and cellular-therapy clusters, and the few names that bridge subfields.

FAERS & real-world signals

What spontaneous reporting shows — disproportionate reporting, never incidence.

Each agent's acute-kidney-injury reporting odds ratio (horizontal, log) against its AKI report count (vertical, log). Dots right of the ROR = 1 line report AKI disproportionately. Size = total report volume.

215 agents plotted — every ROR rests on at least 50 reports · whisker = ROR 95% CI · filled = significant renal signal (CI lower bound > 1 — whisker clears the ROR = 1 line) · faint = no signal · size = total FAERS reports · color = signature injury. Reporting, not incidence. 3 agents queried but not plotted — under 50 reports an odds ratio is arithmetic on one or two of them. FAERS snapshot 2026-10-01.

Lifileucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 12.48 (95% CI 8.064–19.309), 22 AKI reports of 263 total — signal
Tagraxofusp (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 6.33 (95% CI 4.164–9.609), 23 AKI reports of 520 total — signal
Trabectedin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 6.12 (95% CI 5.006–7.49), 99 AKI reports of 2,310 total — signal
Zanidatamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 5.58 (95% CI 1.357–22.94), 2 AKI reports of 51 total — signal
Idecabtagene vicleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 5.47 (95% CI 4.089–7.326), 47 AKI reports of 1,221 total — signal
Inavolisib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 5.39 (95% CI 3.449–8.43), 20 AKI reports of 527 total — signal
Interleukin-2 (high-dose) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 4.95 (95% CI 3.65–6.708), 43 AKI reports of 1,231 total — signal
Pemetrexed (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): ROR 4.89 (95% CI 4.622–5.165), 1,299 AKI reports of 37,889 total — signal
Adagrasib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 4.79 (95% CI 3.437–6.681), 36 AKI reports of 1,063 total — signal
Sirolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 4.6 (95% CI 4.177–5.059), 434 AKI reports of 13,367 total — signal
Clofarabine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 4.48 (95% CI 3.54–5.662), 72 AKI reports of 2,271 total — signal
Cobimetinib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 4.47 (95% CI 3.778–5.297), 139 AKI reports of 4,389 total — signal
Carfilzomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 4.34 (95% CI 4.056–4.647), 862 AKI reports of 28,118 total — signal
Isatuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 3.79 (95% CI 3.221–4.452), 151 AKI reports of 5,605 total — signal
Lurbinectedin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 3.7 (95% CI 2.56–5.353), 29 AKI reports of 1,100 total — signal
Cisplatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 3.39 (95% CI 3.236–3.549), 1,863 AKI reports of 77,664 total — signal
Pembrolizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 3.31 (95% CI 3.18–3.448), 2,447 AKI reports of 104,614 total — signal
Melphalan (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 3.3 (95% CI 3.039–3.582), 586 AKI reports of 24,928 total — signal
Fludarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 3.26 (95% CI 3.048–3.479), 906 AKI reports of 39,094 total — signal
Binimetinib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 3.19 (95% CI 2.752–3.708), 177 AKI reports of 7,756 total — signal
Encorafenib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 3.17 (95% CI 2.777–3.622), 223 AKI reports of 9,844 total — signal
Thiotepa (Hemorrhagic Cystitis): ROR 3.05 (95% CI 2.657–3.5), 207 AKI reports of 9,494 total — signal
Enfortumab vedotin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 3.02 (95% CI 2.576–3.538), 156 AKI reports of 7,224 total — signal
Ifosfamide (Fanconi Syndrome): ROR 2.98 (95% CI 2.714–3.267), 459 AKI reports of 21,570 total — signal
Carboplatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 2.94 (95% CI 2.824–3.053), 2,626 AKI reports of 126,274 total — signal
Zoledronic acid (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 2.9 (95% CI 2.702–3.103), 825 AKI reports of 39,907 total — signal
Bendamustine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 2.88 (95% CI 2.631–3.148), 489 AKI reports of 23,763 total — signal
Pirtobrutinib (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 2.88 (95% CI 1.783–4.661), 17 AKI reports of 823 total — signal
Cytarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 2.85 (95% CI 2.698–3.018), 1,260 AKI reports of 61,947 total — signal
Ipilimumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 2.84 (95% CI 2.651–3.033), 869 AKI reports of 42,912 total — signal
Pegaspargase (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.83 (95% CI 2.498–3.215), 247 AKI reports of 12,172 total — signal
Gemcitabine (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 2.77 (95% CI 2.607–2.947), 1,049 AKI reports of 53,013 total — signal
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.75 (95% CI 2.124–3.572), 58 AKI reports of 2,937 total — signal
Nivolumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 2.75 (95% CI 2.629–2.882), 1,893 AKI reports of 96,645 total — signal
Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.68 (95% CI 0.37–19.393), 1 AKI reports of 52 total
Relatlimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 2.66 (95% CI 1.374–5.139), 9 AKI reports of 472 total — signal
Busulfan (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 2.64 (95% CI 2.353–2.962), 296 AKI reports of 15,641 total — signal
Atezolizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 2.63 (95% CI 2.447–2.835), 728 AKI reports of 38,623 total — signal
Etoposide (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 2.59 (95% CI 2.451–2.728), 1,377 AKI reports of 74,564 total — signal
Elotuzumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.58 (95% CI 2.103–3.156), 95 AKI reports of 5,137 total — signal
Neratinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.55 (95% CI 1.879–3.46), 42 AKI reports of 2,294 total — signal
Brentuximab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.53 (95% CI 2.187–2.925), 185 AKI reports of 10,190 total — signal
Carmustine (BCNU) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): ROR 2.41 (95% CI 1.935–3.011), 80 AKI reports of 4,612 total — signal
Vinorelbine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 2.37 (95% CI 1.974–2.845), 117 AKI reports of 6,868 total — signal
Oxaliplatin (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 2.34 (95% CI 2.208–2.473), 1,234 AKI reports of 73,752 total — signal
Nelarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 2.33 (95% CI 1.419–3.814), 16 AKI reports of 956 total — signal
Tisotumab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.29 (95% CI 1.372–3.808), 15 AKI reports of 912 total — signal
Vincristine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 2.24 (95% CI 2.045–2.455), 469 AKI reports of 29,132 total — signal
Lenvatinib (Hypertension): ROR 2.22 (95% CI 2.038–2.424), 521 AKI reports of 32,614 total — signal
Cyclophosphamide (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 2.2 (95% CI 2.12–2.287), 2,763 AKI reports of 176,004 total — signal
Momelotinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 2.18 (95% CI 1.415–3.352), 21 AKI reports of 1,339 total — signal
Imlunestrant (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 2.17 (95% CI 0.301–15.642), 1 AKI reports of 64 total
Abemaciclib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 2.14 (95% CI 1.911–2.396), 306 AKI reports of 19,870 total — signal
Doxorubicin (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 2.13 (95% CI 2.018–2.24), 1,454 AKI reports of 95,403 total — signal
5-Fluorouracil (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 2.12 (95% CI 2.001–2.247), 1,171 AKI reports of 76,954 total — signal
Vemurafenib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 2.09 (95% CI 1.805–2.424), 180 AKI reports of 11,949 total — signal
Glasdegib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.08 (95% CI 0.984–4.378), 7 AKI reports of 468 total
Cemiplimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 2.07 (95% CI 1.446–2.973), 30 AKI reports of 2,008 total — signal
Afatinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.04 (95% CI 1.672–2.497), 97 AKI reports of 6,587 total — signal
Arsenic trioxide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.02 (95% CI 1.559–2.618), 58 AKI reports of 3,983 total — signal
Iberdomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.01 (95% CI 0.498–8.119), 2 AKI reports of 138 total
Tafasitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2.01 (95% CI 1.161–3.472), 13 AKI reports of 898 total — signal
Belantamab mafodotin (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 2 (95% CI 1.476–2.714), 42 AKI reports of 2,911 total — signal
Cabazitaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2 (95% CI 1.512–2.643), 50 AKI reports of 3,469 total — signal
Dinutuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 2 (95% CI 1.131–3.537), 12 AKI reports of 832 total — signal
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.97 (95% CI 1.112–3.477), 12 AKI reports of 846 total — signal
Paclitaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.839–2.047), 1,372 AKI reports of 98,464 total — signal
Everolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 1.93 (95% CI 1.789–2.077), 702 AKI reports of 50,589 total — signal
Bortezomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 1.88 (95% CI 1.779–1.994), 1,204 AKI reports of 88,913 total — signal
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.87 (95% CI 1.409–2.476), 49 AKI reports of 3,635 total — signal
Dasatinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 1.84 (95% CI 1.539–2.204), 121 AKI reports of 9,103 total — signal
Rituximab (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.77 (95% CI 1.7–1.833), 2,786 AKI reports of 220,215 total — signal
Bicalutamide (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 1.75 (95% CI 1.514–2.014), 191 AKI reports of 15,150 total — signal
Decitabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.74 (95% CI 1.356–2.22), 64 AKI reports of 5,106 total — signal
Hydroxyurea (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.73 (95% CI 1.534–1.957), 263 AKI reports of 21,026 total — signal
Ixazomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 1.71 (95% CI 1.543–1.904), 354 AKI reports of 28,609 total — signal
Tucatinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.7 (95% CI 1.37–2.102), 85 AKI reports of 6,932 total — signal
Talquetamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.69 (95% CI 1.14–2.508), 25 AKI reports of 2,046 total — signal
Azacitidine (Fanconi Syndrome): ROR 1.68 (95% CI 1.514–1.866), 358 AKI reports of 29,498 total — signal
Entrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.67 (95% CI 1.077–2.602), 20 AKI reports of 1,653 total — signal
Polatuzumab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.65 (95% CI 1.378–1.987), 116 AKI reports of 9,702 total — signal
Abiraterone (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.64 (95% CI 1.496–1.79), 484 AKI reports of 40,959 total — signal
Duvelisib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.63 (95% CI 0.843–3.139), 9 AKI reports of 765 total
Irinotecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.6 (95% CI 1.362–1.884), 148 AKI reports of 12,781 total — signal
Selinexor (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 1.59 (95% CI 1.305–1.94), 99 AKI reports of 8,606 total — signal
Tepotinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.51 (95% CI 0.715–3.173), 7 AKI reports of 642 total
Dabrafenib (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 1.5 (95% CI 1.321–1.715), 228 AKI reports of 20,946 total — signal
Obinutuzumab (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.5 (95% CI 1.298–1.744), 178 AKI reports of 16,355 total — signal
Belzutifan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.49 (95% CI 0.926–2.408), 17 AKI reports of 1,573 total
Ribociclib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.49 (95% CI 1.342–1.663), 339 AKI reports of 31,378 total — signal
Vinblastine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 1.49 (95% CI 0.972–2.298), 21 AKI reports of 1,941 total
Mitoxantrone (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.46 (95% CI 1.147–1.863), 66 AKI reports of 6,238 total — signal
Panitumumab (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.44 (95% CI 1.231–1.678), 162 AKI reports of 15,574 total — signal
Axitinib (Hypertension): ROR 1.41 (95% CI 1.228–1.625), 198 AKI reports of 19,365 total — signal
Loncastuximab tesirine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.41 (95% CI 0.525–3.764), 4 AKI reports of 393 total
Tretinoin (ATRA) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.4 (95% CI 1.134–1.723), 89 AKI reports of 8,792 total — signal
Dostarlimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 1.4 (95% CI 0.93–2.116), 23 AKI reports of 2,264 total
Glofitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.93–2.079), 24 AKI reports of 2,383 total
Pamidronate (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.989–1.943), 34 AKI reports of 3,387 total
Zolbetuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.804–2.397), 13 AKI reports of 1,293 total
Durvalumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 1.38 (95% CI 1.201–1.585), 202 AKI reports of 20,225 total — signal
Fedratinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.786–2.344), 13 AKI reports of 1,322 total
Idarubicin (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.749–2.457), 11 AKI reports of 1,119 total
Mogamulizumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.79–2.355), 13 AKI reports of 1,316 total
Docetaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.34 (95% CI 1.24–1.448), 650 AKI reports of 67,030 total — signal
Ceritinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.33 (95% CI 0.885–2.013), 23 AKI reports of 2,378 total
Trametinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.33 (95% CI 1.166–1.511), 231 AKI reports of 24,023 total — signal
Bleomycin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.3 (95% CI 1.067–1.592), 97 AKI reports of 10,270 total — signal
Ramucirumab (Hypertension): ROR 1.29 (95% CI 0.994–1.667), 58 AKI reports of 6,218 total
Sonidegib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 1.29 (95% CI 0.764–2.189), 14 AKI reports of 1,494 total
Methotrexate (high-dose) (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.27 (95% CI 1.234–1.31), 4,486 AKI reports of 489,788 total — signal
Temozolomide (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 1.27 (95% CI 1.103–1.465), 193 AKI reports of 20,948 total — signal
Dacarbazine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.25 (95% CI 0.98–1.586), 67 AKI reports of 7,411 total
Bosutinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.24 (95% CI 0.991–1.54), 80 AKI reports of 8,931 total
Bevacizumab (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 1.23 (95% CI 1.157–1.3), 1,143 AKI reports of 128,714 total — signal
Ponatinib (Hypertension): ROR 1.22 (95% CI 0.916–1.637), 46 AKI reports of 5,180 total
Cetuximab (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.2 (95% CI 1.06–1.348), 270 AKI reports of 31,150 total — signal
Venetoclax (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 1.2 (95% CI 1.105–1.311), 534 AKI reports of 61,220 total — signal
Tebentafusp (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.19 (95% CI 0.492–2.861), 5 AKI reports of 581 total
Trifluridine/tipiracil (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.19 (95% CI 0.976–1.46), 96 AKI reports of 11,088 total
Pentostatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 1.18 (95% CI 0.614–2.282), 9 AKI reports of 1,048 total
Blinatumomab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.948–1.443), 88 AKI reports of 10,373 total
Procarbazine (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.848–1.606), 38 AKI reports of 4,488 total
Regorafenib (Hypertension): ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.959–1.428), 98 AKI reports of 11,542 total
Vandetanib (Hypertension): ROR 1.15 (95% CI 0.693–1.916), 15 AKI reports of 1,794 total
Naxitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.14 (95% CI 0.284–4.6), 2 AKI reports of 241 total
Erdafitinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.13 (95% CI 0.609–2.114), 10 AKI reports of 1,215 total
Zongertinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 1.11 (95% CI 0.155–7.952), 1 AKI reports of 124 total
Mitotane (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.08 (95% CI 0.64–1.831), 14 AKI reports of 1,782 total
Midostaurin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.06 (95% CI 0.64–1.767), 15 AKI reports of 1,943 total
Chlorambucil (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.737–1.511), 30 AKI reports of 3,917 total
Mitomycin C (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.712–1.541), 26 AKI reports of 3,418 total
Mosunetuzumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.5–2.214), 7 AKI reports of 916 total
Asciminib (Hypertension): ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.697–1.556), 24 AKI reports of 3,174 total
Sacituzumab govitecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.74–1.452), 34 AKI reports of 4,518 total
Teclistamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.636–1.701), 16 AKI reports of 2,119 total
Octreotide (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.03 (95% CI 0.905–1.173), 230 AKI reports of 30,742 total
Capecitabine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.02 (95% CI 0.95–1.105), 677 AKI reports of 90,989 total
Ibrutinib (Hypertension): ROR 1.02 (95% CI 0.936–1.101), 592 AKI reports of 80,310 total
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.747–1.36), 43 AKI reports of 5,875 total
Crizotinib (Renal Cysts): ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.826–1.243), 93 AKI reports of 12,638 total
Pemigatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.451–2.246), 6 AKI reports of 821 total
Ivosidenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 1 (95% CI 0.604–1.669), 15 AKI reports of 2,057 total
Temsirolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 0.98 (95% CI 0.691–1.385), 32 AKI reports of 4,502 total
Lazertinib (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 0.97 (95% CI 0.404–2.35), 5 AKI reports of 706 total
Larotrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.94 (95% CI 0.423–2.109), 6 AKI reports of 874 total
Talazoparib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.94 (95% CI 0.531–1.653), 12 AKI reports of 1,763 total
Elranatamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.442–1.953), 7 AKI reports of 1,037 total
Imatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.824–1.043), 279 AKI reports of 41,417 total
Pomalidomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.864–1.004), 692 AKI reports of 102,194 total
Erlotinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 0.92 (95% CI 0.74–1.139), 83 AKI reports of 12,442 total
Lutetium-177 Dotatate (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): ROR 0.92 (95% CI 0.669–1.266), 38 AKI reports of 5,683 total
Pazopanib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 0.9 (95% CI 0.776–1.044), 176 AKI reports of 26,904 total
Asparaginase (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.89 (95% CI 0.222–3.576), 2 AKI reports of 309 total
Ibandronate (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 0.89 (95% CI 0.576–1.387), 20 AKI reports of 3,079 total
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.88 (95% CI 0.52–1.489), 14 AKI reports of 2,188 total
Alpelisib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.86 (95% CI 0.656–1.12), 54 AKI reports of 8,666 total
Rucaparib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.85 (95% CI 0.647–1.105), 54 AKI reports of 8,779 total
Sorafenib (Hypertension): ROR 0.83 (95% CI 0.692–0.985), 124 AKI reports of 20,646 total
Nintedanib (Hypertension): ROR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71–0.947), 187 AKI reports of 31,339 total
Nirogacestat (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.82 (95% CI 0.341–1.976), 5 AKI reports of 838 total
Topotecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.8 (95% CI 0.588–1.095), 40 AKI reports of 6,854 total
Ruxolitinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.79 (95% CI 0.721–0.875), 412 AKI reports of 71,241 total
Sotorasib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.79 (95% CI 0.501–1.235), 19 AKI reports of 3,319 total
Tislelizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): ROR 0.78 (95% CI 0.109–5.544), 1 AKI reports of 177 total
Lenalidomide (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 0.77 (95% CI 0.738–0.801), 2,362 AKI reports of 420,081 total
Radium-223 dichloride (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.77 (95% CI 0.528–1.111), 28 AKI reports of 5,023 total
Epcoritamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.76 (95% CI 0.36–1.59), 7 AKI reports of 1,272 total
Eribulin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.74 (95% CI 0.476–1.147), 20 AKI reports of 3,719 total
Acalabrutinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.73 (95% CI 0.571–0.933), 64 AKI reports of 12,049 total
Lomustine (CCNU) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): ROR 0.71 (95% CI 0.409–1.216), 13 AKI reports of 2,533 total
Capmatinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.7 (95% CI 0.399–1.24), 12 AKI reports of 2,345 total
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 0.7 (95% CI 0.531–0.921), 51 AKI reports of 10,021 total
Amivantamab (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.69 (95% CI 0.428–1.111), 17 AKI reports of 3,385 total
Brigatinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.68 (95% CI 0.429–1.082), 18 AKI reports of 3,630 total
Futibatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.094–4.803), 1 AKI reports of 204 total
Pralatrexate (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.094–4.779), 1 AKI reports of 205 total
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.494–0.913), 41 AKI reports of 8,382 total
Cabozantinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.752), 230 AKI reports of 47,766 total
Fruquintinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.413–1.042), 18 AKI reports of 3,770 total
Thalidomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.567–0.764), 175 AKI reports of 36,497 total
Darolutamide (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.65 (95% CI 0.441–0.954), 26 AKI reports of 5,501 total
Tamoxifen (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 0.58 (95% CI 0.385–0.859), 24 AKI reports of 5,726 total
Enzalutamide (Hypertension): ROR 0.57 (95% CI 0.5–0.644), 242 AKI reports of 58,437 total
Repotrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.55 (95% CI 0.077–3.912), 1 AKI reports of 250 total
Selumetinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.54 (95% CI 0.241–1.2), 6 AKI reports of 1,530 total
Sunitinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.53 (95% CI 0.454–0.625), 152 AKI reports of 39,094 total
Cladribine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): ROR 0.52 (95% CI 0.373–0.717), 36 AKI reports of 9,555 total
Ziv-aflibercept (Hypertension): ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.425–0.608), 120 AKI reports of 32,367 total
Denosumab (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.477–0.55), 755 AKI reports of 201,380 total
Lanreotide (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.354–0.735), 29 AKI reports of 7,795 total
Palbociclib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.462–0.569), 355 AKI reports of 94,825 total
Lorlatinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.49 (95% CI 0.332–0.728), 25 AKI reports of 6,977 total
Alectinib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.47 (95% CI 0.319–0.7), 25 AKI reports of 7,249 total
Nilotinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.45 (95% CI 0.367–0.548), 96 AKI reports of 29,318 total
Daratumumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.43 (95% CI 0.223–0.824), 9 AKI reports of 2,880 total
Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): ROR 0.43 (95% CI 0.316–0.583), 41 AKI reports of 13,100 total
Leuprolide (Hypertension): ROR 0.4 (95% CI 0.352–0.456), 230 AKI reports of 78,546 total
Olaparib (Pseudo-AKI): ROR 0.4 (95% CI 0.307–0.509), 60 AKI reports of 20,798 total
Niraparib (Hypertension): ROR 0.33 (95% CI 0.251–0.43), 53 AKI reports of 22,116 total
Gefitinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): ROR 0.32 (95% CI 0.209–0.492), 21 AKI reports of 8,974 total
Pacritinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.32 (95% CI 0.154–0.679), 7 AKI reports of 2,964 total
Pralsetinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.31 (95% CI 0.115–0.817), 4 AKI reports of 1,788 total
Vismodegib (SIADH / Hyponatremia): ROR 0.31 (95% CI 0.2–0.48), 20 AKI reports of 8,850 total
Enasidenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.29 (95% CI 0.139–0.611), 7 AKI reports of 3,296 total
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.27 (95% CI 0.087–0.838), 3 AKI reports of 1,521 total
Tazemetostat (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.26 (95% CI 0.083–0.798), 3 AKI reports of 1,598 total
Ripretinib (Hypertension): ROR 0.24 (95% CI 0.123–0.454), 9 AKI reports of 5,217 total
Quizartinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.22 (95% CI 0.03–1.535), 1 AKI reports of 634 total
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) (Acute Tubular Necrosis): ROR 0.21 (95% CI 0.03–1.523), 1 AKI reports of 639 total
Pexidartinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.19 (95% CI 0.027–1.365), 1 AKI reports of 713 total
Avutometinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.17 (95% CI 0.024–1.225), 1 AKI reports of 794 total
Revumenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.16 (95% CI 0.022–1.108), 1 AKI reports of 878 total
Elacestrant (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): ROR 0.1 (95% CI 0.04–0.231), 5 AKI reports of 7,117 total
Mechlorethamine (Electrolyte Disturbance): ROR 0.06 (95% CI 0.009–0.433), 1 AKI reports of 2,244 total

Figure 15·FAERS acute-kidney-injury reporting odds ratio (x, log) vs AKI report count (y, log); right of the ROR = 1 line reports AKI disproportionately.

Which kidney phenotypes each drug class actually gets reported for. A cell's depth of color counts agents with a significant FAERS signal (ROR 95% CI lower bound > 1) for that phenotype, out of the family's agents holding a FAERS matrix row — the number after each row label — so a deep cell in a 3-agent family is not the same claim as one in a 20-agent family. A reporting signal, not incidence or causation — and ATN/AIN undercount, since most true cases file as generic acute kidney injury.

Number of anti-cancer agents in each drug-class family (rows) carrying a significant FAERS reporting signal for each kidney-injury signature (columns), out of that family's agents that have a FAERS matrix row.
Drug class family	ATNsignaling agents: 44	AINsignaling agents: 44	TMAsignaling agents: 78	GLOMsignaling agents: 73	LYTEsignaling agents: 142	FANCsignaling agents: 23	XTALsignaling agents: 49	HTNsignaling agents: 54	SIADHsignaling agents: 113	CYSTsignaling agents: 80
Antimetabolites — 16 agents in the FAERS matrix	Antimetabolites, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 9 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate (high-dose), Pemetrexed	Antimetabolites, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 4 agents — Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Pemetrexed	Antimetabolites, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 11 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Azacitidine, Capecitabine, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Methotrexate (high-dose), Pemetrexed, Pentostatin	Antimetabolites, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 9 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Methotrexate (high-dose), Pemetrexed, Pentostatin, Trifluridine/tipiracil	Antimetabolites, Electrolyte Disturbance: 14 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Azacitidine, Capecitabine, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Nelarabine, Pemetrexed, Pentostatin, Pralatrexate, Trifluridine/tipiracil	Antimetabolites, Fanconi Syndrome: 3 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Azacitidine, Pemetrexed	Antimetabolites, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 6 agents — Capecitabine, Cladribine, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate (high-dose), Trifluridine/tipiracil	Antimetabolites, Hypertension: 2 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Methotrexate (high-dose)	Antimetabolites, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 11 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Azacitidine, Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Nelarabine, Pemetrexed, Pentostatin, Pralatrexate	Antimetabolites, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 13 agents — Azacitidine, Capecitabine, Cladribine, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Gemcitabine, Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate (high-dose), Nelarabine, Pentostatin, Pralatrexate, Trifluridine/tipiracil
Anti-angiogenic (VEGF) — 13 agents in the FAERS matrix	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 2 agents — Axitinib, Bevacizumab	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 6 agents — Bevacizumab, Lenvatinib, Pazopanib, Ramucirumab, Sorafenib, Sunitinib	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 13 agents — Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Cabozantinib, Fruquintinib, Lenvatinib, Nintedanib, Pazopanib, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Ziv-aflibercept	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Electrolyte Disturbance: 10 agents — Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib, Pazopanib, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 4 agents — Bevacizumab, Nintedanib, Regorafenib, Vandetanib	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Hypertension: 13 agents — Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Cabozantinib, Fruquintinib, Lenvatinib, Nintedanib, Pazopanib, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib, Ziv-aflibercept	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), SIADH / Hyponatremia: 10 agents — Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Cabozantinib, Lenvatinib, Pazopanib, Ramucirumab, Regorafenib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 7 agents — Bevacizumab, Lenvatinib, Nintedanib, Pazopanib, Regorafenib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib
Alkylating agents — 15 agents in the FAERS matrix	Alkylating agents, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 7 agents — Bendamustine, Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Trabectedin	Alkylating agents, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 8 agents — Bendamustine, Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Temozolomide	Alkylating agents, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 9 agents — Bendamustine, Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Thiotepa, Trabectedin	Alkylating agents, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 9 agents — Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Lomustine (CCNU), Melphalan, Temozolomide, Thiotepa	Alkylating agents, Electrolyte Disturbance: 7 agents — Bendamustine, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Temozolomide, Trabectedin	Alkylating agents, Fanconi Syndrome: 4 agents — Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan	Alkylating agents, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Bendamustine	Alkylating agents, Hypertension: 1 agent — Busulfan	Alkylating agents, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 11 agents — Busulfan, Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Dacarbazine, Ifosfamide, Lomustine (CCNU), Lurbinectedin, Melphalan, Temozolomide, Thiotepa, Trabectedin	Alkylating agents, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 7 agents — Bendamustine, Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Thiotepa
Other targeted agents — 36 agents in the FAERS matrix	Other targeted agents, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 1 agent — Bortezomib	Other targeted agents, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 1 agent — Arsenic trioxide	Other targeted agents, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 6 agents — Bortezomib, Carfilzomib, Ixazomib, Lenalidomide, Lifileucel, Thalidomide	Other targeted agents, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Belzutifan, Bortezomib, Thalidomide	Other targeted agents, Electrolyte Disturbance: 19 agents — Adagrasib, Arsenic trioxide, Belzutifan, Bortezomib, Carfilzomib, Glasdegib, Ivosidenib, Ixazomib, Lifileucel, Niraparib, Nirogacestat, Relacorilant, Selinexor, Sonidegib, Sotorasib, Talazoparib, Thalidomide, Venetoclax, Vismodegib	Other targeted agents, Fanconi Syndrome: 1 agent — Tazemetostat	Other targeted agents, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 4 agents — Niraparib, Relacorilant, Sonidegib, Tretinoin (ATRA)	Other targeted agents, Hypertension: 4 agents — Arsenic trioxide, Carfilzomib, Niraparib, Tretinoin (ATRA)	Other targeted agents, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 10 agents — Belzutifan, Bortezomib, Glasdegib, Lifileucel, Niraparib, Relacorilant, Selinexor, Talazoparib, Thalidomide, Vismodegib	Other targeted agents, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 6 agents — Bortezomib, Niraparib, Relacorilant, Sonidegib, Talazoparib, Thalidomide
Checkpoint inhibitors — 11 agents in the FAERS matrix	Checkpoint inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 4 agents — Dostarlimab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 8 agents — Atezolizumab, Cemiplimab, Dostarlimab, Durvalumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Relatlimab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 5 agents — Atezolizumab, Dostarlimab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 6 agents — Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 7 agents — Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab, Tislelizumab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: 2 agents — Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	Checkpoint inhibitors, Hypertension: 3 agents — Atezolizumab, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab	Checkpoint inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 6 agents — Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Tislelizumab	Checkpoint inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 3 agents — Atezolizumab, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab
Monoclonal antibodies (other) — 15 agents in the FAERS matrix	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Acute Tubular Necrosis: 3 agents — Amivantamab, Cetuximab, Rituximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 1 agent — Amivantamab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 9 agents — Cetuximab, Dinutuximab, Elotuzumab, Isatuximab, Mogamulizumab, Naxitamab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Tafasitamab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 5 agents — Cetuximab, Dinutuximab, Mogamulizumab, Panitumumab, Rituximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Electrolyte Disturbance: 10 agents — Amivantamab, Cetuximab, Dinutuximab, Elotuzumab, Isatuximab, Naxitamab, Obinutuzumab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Zolbetuximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 2 agents — Naxitamab, Rituximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Hypertension: 3 agents — Isatuximab, Naxitamab, Rituximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), SIADH / Hyponatremia: 6 agents — Cetuximab, Dinutuximab, Naxitamab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Zolbetuximab	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 2 agents — Obinutuzumab, Rituximab
Hormonal / endocrine — 12 agents in the FAERS matrix	Hormonal / endocrine, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Hormonal / endocrine, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	Hormonal / endocrine, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	Hormonal / endocrine, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 1 agent — Bicalutamide	Hormonal / endocrine, Electrolyte Disturbance: 7 agents — Abiraterone, Bicalutamide, Imlunestrant, Lanreotide, Mitotane, Octreotide, Tamoxifen	Hormonal / endocrine, Fanconi Syndrome: 1 agent — Bicalutamide	Hormonal / endocrine, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 8 agents — Abiraterone, Bicalutamide, Darolutamide, Enzalutamide, Lanreotide, Leuprolide, Octreotide, Tamoxifen	Hormonal / endocrine, Hypertension: 6 agents — Abiraterone, Bicalutamide, Enzalutamide, Lanreotide, Octreotide, Tamoxifen	Hormonal / endocrine, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 7 agents — Bicalutamide, Darolutamide, Imlunestrant, Lanreotide, Mitotane, Octreotide, Tamoxifen	Hormonal / endocrine, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 8 agents — Abiraterone, Bicalutamide, Darolutamide, Enzalutamide, Leuprolide, Mitotane, Octreotide, Tamoxifen
Antibody-drug conjugates — 14 agents in the FAERS matrix	Antibody-drug conjugates, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 1 agent — Tisotumab vedotin	Antibody-drug conjugates, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 3 agents — Brentuximab vedotin, Enfortumab vedotin, Loncastuximab tesirine	Antibody-drug conjugates, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 4 agents — Brentuximab vedotin, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Polatuzumab vedotin	Antibody-drug conjugates, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	Antibody-drug conjugates, Electrolyte Disturbance: 10 agents — Belantamab mafodotin, Brentuximab vedotin, Enfortumab vedotin, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Polatuzumab vedotin, Sacituzumab govitecan, Tisotumab vedotin, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Antibody-drug conjugates, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 3 agents — Enfortumab vedotin, Polatuzumab vedotin, Tisotumab vedotin	Antibody-drug conjugates, Hypertension: 1 agent — Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)	Antibody-drug conjugates, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 7 agents — Brentuximab vedotin, Enfortumab vedotin, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Polatuzumab vedotin, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 5 agents — Enfortumab vedotin, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Polatuzumab vedotin, Tisotumab vedotin
Microtubule inhibitors — 7 agents in the FAERS matrix	Microtubule inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 2 agents — Paclitaxel, Vinblastine	Microtubule inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 2 agents — Paclitaxel, Vinorelbine	Microtubule inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 4 agents — Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Vincristine, Vinorelbine	Microtubule inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Vinorelbine	Microtubule inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 7 agents — Cabazitaxel, Docetaxel, Eribulin, Paclitaxel, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine	Microtubule inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: 1 agent — Vincristine	Microtubule inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Cabazitaxel	Microtubule inhibitors, Hypertension: 1 agent — Paclitaxel	Microtubule inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 6 agents — Cabazitaxel, Docetaxel, Paclitaxel, Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vinorelbine	Microtubule inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 5 agents — Cabazitaxel, Docetaxel, Eribulin, Paclitaxel, Vincristine
Platinum agents — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	Platinum agents, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Fanconi Syndrome: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 2 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin	Platinum agents, Hypertension: 1 agent — Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin	Platinum agents, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 3 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin
Antitumor antibiotics — 6 agents in the FAERS matrix	Antitumor antibiotics, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 2 agents — Bleomycin, Doxorubicin	Antitumor antibiotics, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 2 agents — Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin	Antitumor antibiotics, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 6 agents — Bleomycin, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitomycin C, Mitoxantrone	Antitumor antibiotics, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin, Mitomycin C	Antitumor antibiotics, Electrolyte Disturbance: 4 agents — Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone	Antitumor antibiotics, Fanconi Syndrome: 2 agents — Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin	Antitumor antibiotics, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Mitomycin C	Antitumor antibiotics, Hypertension: no signal	Antitumor antibiotics, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Bleomycin, Doxorubicin	Antitumor antibiotics, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 4 agents — Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin, Mitomycin C, Mitoxantrone
Bisphosphonates & bone — 4 agents in the FAERS matrix	Bisphosphonates & bone, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 2 agents — Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 1 agent — Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	Bisphosphonates & bone, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Ibandronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Electrolyte Disturbance: 4 agents — Denosumab, Ibandronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Fanconi Syndrome: 2 agents — Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 4 agents — Denosumab, Ibandronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Hypertension: 3 agents — Ibandronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid	Bisphosphonates & bone, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 3 agents — Denosumab, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid
mTOR inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	mTOR inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 3 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 2 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 3 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: 2 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Everolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Hypertension: 2 agents — Everolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Everolimus, Temsirolimus	mTOR inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 3 agents — Everolimus, Sirolimus, Temsirolimus
BRAF / MEK inhibitors — 9 agents in the FAERS matrix	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 1 agent — Cobimetinib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 5 agents — Binimetinib, Cobimetinib, Dabrafenib, Encorafenib, Trametinib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Cobimetinib, Trametinib, Vemurafenib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 7 agents — Binimetinib, Cobimetinib, Dabrafenib, Encorafenib, Tovorafenib, Trametinib, Vemurafenib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Selumetinib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Hypertension: no signal	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 6 agents — Binimetinib, Cobimetinib, Dabrafenib, Encorafenib, Trametinib, Vemurafenib	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: no signal
Topoisomerase inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 2 agents — Etoposide, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 1 agent — Etoposide	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 2 agents — Etoposide, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: 1 agent — Etoposide	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 2 agents — Irinotecan, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Hypertension: 1 agent — Irinotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 3 agents — Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 2 agents — Etoposide, Topotecan
BCR-ABL inhibitors — 6 agents in the FAERS matrix	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 2 agents — Dasatinib, Imatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 3 agents — Dasatinib, Imatinib, Ponatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 2 agents — Dasatinib, Imatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 2 agents — Dasatinib, Imatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 2 agents — Imatinib, Nilotinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Hypertension: 3 agents — Asciminib, Nilotinib, Ponatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 1 agent — Dasatinib	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 2 agents — Imatinib, Nilotinib
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors — 7 agents in the FAERS matrix	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 1 agent — Zongertinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 1 agent — Erlotinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 3 agents — Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 5 agents — Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Neratinib, Tucatinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Hypertension: 1 agent — Erlotinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 4 agents — Afatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Tucatinib	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Gefitinib
ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors — 11 agents in the FAERS matrix	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 1 agent — Lorlatinib	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: 1 agent — Lorlatinib	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Capmatinib, Ceritinib, Crizotinib	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Hypertension: 2 agents — Brigatinib, Lorlatinib	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 4 agents — Capmatinib, Ceritinib, Crizotinib, Tepotinib	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Brigatinib
Other kinase inhibitors — 10 agents in the FAERS matrix	Other kinase inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Other kinase inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	Other kinase inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 1 agent — Ruxolitinib	Other kinase inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	Other kinase inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 1 agent — Pralsetinib	Other kinase inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Other kinase inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 3 agents — Pacritinib, Pexidartinib, Ruxolitinib	Other kinase inhibitors, Hypertension: 4 agents — Pexidartinib, Pralsetinib, Ripretinib, Vimseltinib	Other kinase inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 1 agent — Pralsetinib	Other kinase inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Ruxolitinib
BTK inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	BTK inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	BTK inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	BTK inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	BTK inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	BTK inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Acalabrutinib, Ibrutinib, Pirtobrutinib	BTK inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	BTK inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 2 agents — Acalabrutinib, Ibrutinib	BTK inhibitors, Hypertension: 1 agent — Ibrutinib	BTK inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Acalabrutinib, Ibrutinib	BTK inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Ibrutinib
Cytokines & enzymes — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	Cytokines & enzymes, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Cytokines & enzymes, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	Cytokines & enzymes, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 2 agents — Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Pegaspargase	Cytokines & enzymes, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	Cytokines & enzymes, Electrolyte Disturbance: 2 agents — Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Pegaspargase	Cytokines & enzymes, Fanconi Syndrome: 1 agent — Interleukin-2 (high-dose)	Cytokines & enzymes, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	Cytokines & enzymes, Hypertension: 1 agent — Interleukin-2 (high-dose)	Cytokines & enzymes, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Pegaspargase	Cytokines & enzymes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Pegaspargase
CDK4/6 inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: 1 agent — Abemaciclib	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 2 agents — Abemaciclib, Ribociclib	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Ribociclib	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Hypertension: 1 agent — Ribociclib	CDK4/6 inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 1 agent — Ribociclib	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Ribociclib
Bispecifics / T-cell engagers — 8 agents in the FAERS matrix	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: 1 agent — Blinatumomab	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 1 agent — Blinatumomab	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Electrolyte Disturbance: 4 agents — Blinatumomab, Epcoritamab, Glofitamab, Talquetamab	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Hypertension: no signal	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 1 agent — Epcoritamab	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: no signal
Radiopharmaceuticals — 4 agents in the FAERS matrix	Radiopharmaceuticals, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	Radiopharmaceuticals, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	Radiopharmaceuticals, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: 1 agent — Ibritumomab tiuxetan	Radiopharmaceuticals, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	Radiopharmaceuticals, Electrolyte Disturbance: 2 agents — Ibritumomab tiuxetan, Radium-223 dichloride	Radiopharmaceuticals, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	Radiopharmaceuticals, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: 1 agent — Radium-223 dichloride	Radiopharmaceuticals, Hypertension: no signal	Radiopharmaceuticals, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 1 agent — Ibritumomab tiuxetan	Radiopharmaceuticals, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: 1 agent — Radium-223 dichloride
FGFR inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	FGFR inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: 3 agents — Erdafitinib, Futibatinib, Pemigatinib	FGFR inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, Hypertension: no signal	FGFR inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Erdafitinib, Futibatinib	FGFR inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: no signal
PI3K / AKT inhibitors — 3 agents in the FAERS matrix	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Acute Tubular Necrosis: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Acute Interstitial Nephritis: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Thrombotic Microangiopathy: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Electrolyte Disturbance: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Fanconi Syndrome: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Hypertension: no signal	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, SIADH / Hyponatremia: 2 agents — Alpelisib, Inavolisib	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Hemorrhagic Cystitis: no signal

Figure 16·Drug-class family × kidney-injury signature, colored by how many agents in each class carry a significant FAERS signal (ROR 95% CI lower bound > 1) for that phenotype. A reporting signal, not incidence; ATN/AIN undercount.

Pick a kidney phenotype: of the 232 FAERS-covered agents, every one with a significant FAERS reporting signal for it, ranked by reporting odds ratio with its 95% CI and report count. Agents missing from that cohort have no openFDA reports at all — not checked and clean. A reporting signal, not incidence; every row clears significance (CI lower bound > 1) by construction. Faint rows rest on fewer than 10 reports — a fragile signal.

Sort

Electrolyte Disturbance: 142 of 232 FAERS-covered agents carry a significant signal, showing the 25 strongest by ROR · whisker = 95% CI · n = reports carrying this phenotype for the agent (the ROR numerator) · reporting signal, not incidence · ATN/AIN undercount — most true cases file as generic AKI.

Figure 17·Per kidney phenotype FAERS can resolve: each agent's reporting odds ratio, 95% CI, and report count — the per-agent readout the AKI-only volcano (fig 15) and the class heatmap (fig 16) leave open. A reporting signal, not incidence.

Where the curated atlas and the FAERS record agree, and why they appear not to. The documented lesion is the atlas's assertion; FAERS corroborates it or is silent. A bar spans only the agents carrying that injury in either source, not all 232 with FAERS data.

The middle bands are mostly vocabulary, not contradiction. Documented, FAERS-silent: naming ATN or AIN takes a biopsy, so reporters file generic acute kidney injury. Not attributable: a real reporting signal the lesion's own MedDRA terms do not carry — either no term names it (stones and obstruction are not crystal nephropathy), or the naming terms asked alone came back flat and the signal rests on the merely-consistent half: haematuria rather than haemorrhagic cystitis, hyponatraemia rather than SIADH. In the last band the naming term itself is disproportionate and no profile claims the lesion — mostly a class echo (a same-family agent documents it, so the signal is likelier real), some a histological term reachable without the biopsy it implies. The 2026-08 review adjudicated every cell of the residue those explanations leave — reporters naming the lesion with nothing in the class behind it: 33 documented associations entered the profiles, cells the review attributed to the population, co-therapy, or class-level literature sit in the middle band, and reviewed open leads stay here. What shows as unreviewed is the next worklist. Full reasoning on methods.

Corroborated— documented and reportedDocumented, FAERS-silent— mostly a reporting blind spot, not a contradictionNot attributable— the lesion's own terms do not carry the signal, or review attributed the reporting elsewhereReported by name, undocumented— the lesion's own term is disproportionate — a lead, not a lesion

For each kidney-injury signature, the number of agents (of 232 with FAERS data) whose documented lesion is corroborated by FAERS, is documented but FAERS-silent, carries a reporting signal the lesion's own MedDRA terms do not support or that adjudication attributed to the population, co-therapy, or class-level literature, or carries a signal on the naming term with nothing in the literature behind it.
Injury signature	Concordance breakdown
Electrolyte Disturbance	Electrolyte Disturbance, Corroborated: 71 agents — Abiraterone, Afatinib, Amivantamab, Arsenic trioxide, Azacitidine, Bendamustine, Brentuximab vedotin, Carboplatin, Cetuximab, Cisplatin, Crizotinib, Cytarabine, +59 more Electrolyte Disturbance, Documented, FAERS-silent: 42 agents — Afamitresgene autoleucel (Afami-cel), Alpelisib, Avutometinib, Chlorambucil, Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Cladribine, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Daratumumab, Darolutamide, Enasidenib, Ensartinib, Enzalutamide, Fedratinib, Idecabtagene vicleucel, Sonrotoclax, Toripalimab, Zenocutuzumab, Ziftomenib, +24 more Electrolyte Disturbance, Not attributable: 33 agents — Abemaciclib, Acalabrutinib, Axitinib, Belantamab mafodotin, Belzutifan, Bicalutamide, Blinatumomab, Capmatinib, Ceritinib, Clofarabine, Cobimetinib, Dacarbazine, +21 more Electrolyte Disturbance, Reported by name, undocumented: 38 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Adagrasib, Atezolizumab, Bevacizumab, Binimetinib, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Cabazitaxel, Cabozantinib, Capecitabine, Carfilzomib, Cyclophosphamide, +26 more
SIADH / Hyponatremia	SIADH / Hyponatremia, Corroborated: 19 agents — Atezolizumab, Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dabrafenib, Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Melphalan, Nivolumab, Pemetrexed, Pentostatin, +7 more SIADH / Hyponatremia, Documented, FAERS-silent: 1 agent — Lazertinib SIADH / Hyponatremia, Not attributable: 67 agents — Acalabrutinib, Afatinib, Alpelisib, Axitinib, Belzutifan, Bevacizumab, Binimetinib, Bleomycin, Brentuximab vedotin, Cabozantinib, Capecitabine, Capmatinib, Ceritinib, Cetuximab, Cobimetinib, Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Futibatinib, Pamidronate, Topotecan, Zoledronic acid, +46 more SIADH / Hyponatremia, Reported by name, undocumented: 27 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Azacitidine, Bicalutamide, Bortezomib, Busulfan, Cabazitaxel, Dacarbazine, Darolutamide, Dasatinib, Docetaxel, Durvalumab, Erlotinib, Fludarabine, Inavolisib, Lenvatinib, +12 more
Thrombotic Microangiopathy	Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Corroborated: 27 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Bendamustine, Bevacizumab, Bortezomib, Busulfan, Capecitabine, Carfilzomib, Carmustine (BCNU), Decitabine, Dinutuximab, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, +15 more Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Documented, FAERS-silent: 9 agents — Axitinib, Fruquintinib, Ipilimumab, Lutetium-177 Dotatate, Nintedanib, Olaparib, Tislelizumab, Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), Ziv-aflibercept Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Not attributable: 4 agents — Blinatumomab, Etoposide, Lorlatinib, Topotecan Thrombotic Microangiopathy, Reported by name, undocumented: 47 agents — Atezolizumab, Azacitidine, Bleomycin, Brentuximab vedotin, Carboplatin, Cetuximab, Cisplatin, Clofarabine, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dacarbazine, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), +35 more
Acute Tubular Necrosis	Acute Tubular Necrosis, Corroborated: 14 agents — Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Clofarabine, Cobimetinib, Ifosfamide, Imatinib, Methotrexate (high-dose), Nivolumab, Oxaliplatin, Pemetrexed, Rituximab, Sirolimus, +2 more Acute Tubular Necrosis, Documented, FAERS-silent: 42 agents — Afatinib, Alpelisib, Arsenic trioxide, Avutometinib, Azacitidine, Binimetinib, Blinatumomab, Carfilzomib, Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Dabrafenib, Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), Elranatamab, +30 more Acute Tubular Necrosis, Reported by name, undocumented: 30 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Abemaciclib, Amivantamab, Bendamustine, Bleomycin, Bortezomib, Busulfan, Carmustine (BCNU), Cetuximab, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dasatinib, Decitabine, Etoposide, Paclitaxel, Topotecan, Vinblastine, +13 more
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria	Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria, Corroborated: 36 agents — Atezolizumab, Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Bortezomib, Cabozantinib, Cetuximab, Dasatinib, Doxorubicin, Durvalumab, Erlotinib, Everolimus, Fruquintinib, +24 more Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria, Documented, FAERS-silent: 11 agents — Adagrasib, Belantamab mafodotin, Carfilzomib, Cemiplimab, Clofarabine, Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd), Dostarlimab, Ibrutinib, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab, Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria, Not attributable: 19 agents — Afatinib, Belzutifan, Bicalutamide, Carboplatin, Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Dinutuximab, Docetaxel, Etoposide, Irinotecan, Lomustine (CCNU), Oxaliplatin, Pentostatin, Thalidomide, Topotecan, Vemurafenib, +2 more Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria, Reported by name, undocumented: 18 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Busulfan, Capecitabine, Carmustine (BCNU), Cobimetinib, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Fludarabine, Ifosfamide, Imatinib, Melphalan, Methotrexate (high-dose), Mogamulizumab, Pemetrexed, Rituximab, Temozolomide, Thiotepa, Trifluridine/tipiracil
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy	Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy, Corroborated: 7 agents — Acalabrutinib, Bendamustine, Cladribine, Hydroxyurea, Methotrexate (high-dose), Polatuzumab vedotin, Rituximab Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy, Documented, FAERS-silent: 31 agents — Blinatumomab, Brentuximab vedotin, Ciltacabtagene autoleucel, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Decitabine, Elranatamab, Epcoritamab, Etoposide, Fludarabine, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Sonrotoclax, +18 more Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy, Not attributable: 42 agents — Abiraterone, Bevacizumab, Bicalutamide, Cabazitaxel, Capecitabine, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Darolutamide, Denosumab, Enfortumab vedotin, Enzalutamide, Everolimus, +30 more
Hemorrhagic Cystitis	Hemorrhagic Cystitis, Corroborated: 15 agents — Atezolizumab, Cabazitaxel, Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Gefitinib, Gemcitabine, Ifosfamide, Mitomycin C, Mitoxantrone, +3 more Hemorrhagic Cystitis, Not attributable: 44 agents — Abiraterone, Bevacizumab, Bicalutamide, Bortezomib, Brigatinib, Darolutamide, Denosumab, Enfortumab vedotin, Enzalutamide, Etoposide, Everolimus, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Ibandronate, Ibrutinib, Imatinib, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Lenvatinib, Leuprolide, Nilotinib, Nintedanib, Pegaspargase, Polatuzumab vedotin, Rituximab, Ruxolitinib, +20 more Hemorrhagic Cystitis, Reported by name, undocumented: 21 agents — Azacitidine, Bendamustine, Busulfan, Capecitabine, Carmustine (BCNU), Cladribine, Clofarabine, Cytarabine, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Eribulin, Fludarabine, Hydroxyurea, Mitotane, Octreotide, Relacorilant, +6 more
Hypertension	Hypertension, Corroborated: 25 agents — Abiraterone, Asciminib, Axitinib, Bevacizumab, Brigatinib, Cabozantinib, Carfilzomib, Enzalutamide, Fruquintinib, Ibrutinib, Lenvatinib, Naxitamab, +13 more Hypertension, Documented, FAERS-silent: 6 agents — Acalabrutinib, Dinutuximab, Gemcitabine, Leuprolide, Relacorilant, Trametinib Hypertension, Not attributable: 14 agents — Arsenic trioxide, Busulfan, Erlotinib, Everolimus, Ibandronate, Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Irinotecan, Lorlatinib, Oxaliplatin, Paclitaxel, Pamidronate, Ribociclib, Temsirolimus, Zoledronic acid Hypertension, Reported by name, undocumented: 15 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Atezolizumab, Bicalutamide, Isatuximab, Lanreotide, Methotrexate (high-dose), Nilotinib, Octreotide, Pembrolizumab, Penpulimab, Pexidartinib, Rituximab, +3 more
Acute Interstitial Nephritis	Acute Interstitial Nephritis, Corroborated: 13 agents — Amivantamab, Atezolizumab, Cemiplimab, Cobimetinib, Dabrafenib, Dostarlimab, Durvalumab, Encorafenib, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Relatlimab, +1 more Acute Interstitial Nephritis, Documented, FAERS-silent: 9 agents — Bicalutamide, Duvelisib, Gefitinib, Ibrutinib, Penpulimab, Procarbazine, Sacituzumab govitecan, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab Acute Interstitial Nephritis, Reported by name, undocumented: 31 agents — Arsenic trioxide, Axitinib, Bendamustine, Bevacizumab, Binimetinib, Blinatumomab, Brentuximab vedotin, Busulfan, Carboplatin, Carmustine (BCNU), Chlorambucil, Cisplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin, Enfortumab vedotin, Etoposide, Everolimus, Fludarabine, Ifosfamide, Loncastuximab tesirine, Melphalan, Temozolomide, +7 more
Fanconi Syndrome	Fanconi Syndrome, Corroborated: 4 agents — Azacitidine, Cisplatin, Ifosfamide, Zoledronic acid Fanconi Syndrome, Documented, FAERS-silent: 5 agents — Imatinib, Lenalidomide, Nirogacestat, Trastuzumab deruxtecan, Vemurafenib Fanconi Syndrome, Not attributable: 12 agents — Bicalutamide, Dactinomycin (actinomycin D), Doxorubicin, Etoposide, Everolimus, Interleukin-2 (high-dose), Nivolumab, Oxaliplatin, Pembrolizumab, Pemetrexed, Sirolimus, Vincristine Fanconi Syndrome, Reported by name, undocumented: 7 agents — 5-Fluorouracil, Busulfan, Carboplatin, Cyclophosphamide, Ibandronate, Melphalan, Tazemetostat

Figure 18·Curated profile vs FAERS record, for each injury FAERS can resolve, across agents with FAERS data. The documented lesion is the assertion; FAERS corroborates it, is silent (chiefly the ATN/AIN undercount — a reporting blind spot, not a contradiction), reports something the lesion's own MedDRA terms cannot carry, or names the lesion with no literature behind it. Neither source is ground truth; a signal without literature is a lead, never a lesion.

Each agent's acute-kidney-injury reporting odds ratio (horizontal, log) against the share of its reports naming a death outcome (vertical). The upper-right quadrant holds agents right of ROR = 1 and above the cohort median death share; filled dots also clear the significance bar. Both are REPORTING signals (notoriety, indication, reporting bias), not incidence or case fatality. Size = total report volume. 3 agents are queried but not plotted: under 50 reports a death share is noise and would move the median every other mark is read against.

215 agents plotted — both an AKI ROR and FAERS outcomes on at least 50 reports · filled = significant renal signal · size = total FAERS reports · color = signature injury. Reporting shares, not incidence or case fatality. FAERS snapshot 2026-10-01.

Lifileucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 12.48 — signal, 20.2% of reports name a death outcome, 263 reports
Tagraxofusp (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 6.33 — signal, 30% of reports name a death outcome, 520 reports
Clofarabine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 4.48 — signal, 39.6% of reports name a death outcome, 2,271 reports
Adagrasib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 4.79 — signal, 32.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,063 reports
Trabectedin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 6.12 — signal, 19.3% of reports name a death outcome, 2,310 reports
Fludarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 3.26 — signal, 30.6% of reports name a death outcome, 39,094 reports
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.75 — signal, 33.9% of reports name a death outcome, 2,937 reports
Pemetrexed (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): AKI ROR 4.89 — signal, 19% of reports name a death outcome, 37,889 reports
Lurbinectedin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 3.70 — signal, 25% of reports name a death outcome, 1,100 reports
Thiotepa (Hemorrhagic Cystitis): AKI ROR 3.05 — signal, 28.1% of reports name a death outcome, 9,494 reports
Glasdegib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.08, 40.6% of reports name a death outcome, 468 reports
Interleukin-2 (high-dose) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 4.95 — signal, 16.8% of reports name a death outcome, 1,231 reports
Melphalan (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 3.30 — signal, 23.8% of reports name a death outcome, 24,928 reports
Busulfan (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 2.64 — signal, 29.4% of reports name a death outcome, 15,641 reports
Idecabtagene vicleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 5.47 — signal, 14.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,221 reports
Zanidatamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 5.58 — signal, 13.7% of reports name a death outcome, 51 reports
Sirolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 4.60 — signal, 16.1% of reports name a death outcome, 13,367 reports
Pirtobrutinib (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.88 — signal, 25.4% of reports name a death outcome, 823 reports
Nivolumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 2.75 — signal, 25.6% of reports name a death outcome, 96,645 reports
Belantamab mafodotin (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 2.00 — signal, 34.1% of reports name a death outcome, 2,911 reports
Carfilzomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 4.34 — signal, 15.6% of reports name a death outcome, 28,118 reports
Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.68, 25% of reports name a death outcome, 52 reports
Atezolizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 2.63 — signal, 25.4% of reports name a death outcome, 38,623 reports
Cytarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.85 — signal, 23.2% of reports name a death outcome, 61,947 reports
Cisplatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 3.39 — signal, 19.2% of reports name a death outcome, 77,664 reports
Ipilimumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 2.84 — signal, 22.3% of reports name a death outcome, 42,912 reports
Etoposide (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.59 — signal, 24.2% of reports name a death outcome, 74,564 reports
Carmustine (BCNU) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.41 — signal, 25.8% of reports name a death outcome, 4,612 reports
Ifosfamide (Fanconi Syndrome): AKI ROR 2.98 — signal, 20.6% of reports name a death outcome, 21,570 reports
Azacitidine (Fanconi Syndrome): AKI ROR 1.68 — signal, 36.5% of reports name a death outcome, 29,498 reports
Enfortumab vedotin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 3.02 — signal, 19.9% of reports name a death outcome, 7,224 reports
Bendamustine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.88 — signal, 20.7% of reports name a death outcome, 23,763 reports
Pembrolizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 3.31 — signal, 17.9% of reports name a death outcome, 104,614 reports
Cobimetinib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 4.47 — signal, 13.2% of reports name a death outcome, 4,389 reports
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.87 — signal, 31% of reports name a death outcome, 3,635 reports
Relatlimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 2.66 — signal, 20.1% of reports name a death outcome, 472 reports
Encorafenib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 3.17 — signal, 16.5% of reports name a death outcome, 9,844 reports
Gemcitabine (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 2.77 — signal, 18.8% of reports name a death outcome, 53,013 reports
Nelarabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 2.33 — signal, 22% of reports name a death outcome, 956 reports
Isatuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 3.79 — signal, 13.2% of reports name a death outcome, 5,605 reports
Vinorelbine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 2.37 — signal, 21.1% of reports name a death outcome, 6,868 reports
Binimetinib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 3.19 — signal, 15.6% of reports name a death outcome, 7,756 reports
Loncastuximab tesirine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.41, 34.4% of reports name a death outcome, 393 reports
Brentuximab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.53 — signal, 19% of reports name a death outcome, 10,190 reports
Carboplatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 2.94 — signal, 15.9% of reports name a death outcome, 126,274 reports
Elotuzumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.58 — signal, 17.9% of reports name a death outcome, 5,137 reports
Trifluridine/tipiracil (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.19, 38.6% of reports name a death outcome, 11,088 reports
Afatinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.04 — signal, 22.2% of reports name a death outcome, 6,587 reports
Decitabine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.74 — signal, 26% of reports name a death outcome, 5,106 reports
Cyclophosphamide (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 2.20 — signal, 20.3% of reports name a death outcome, 176,004 reports
Durvalumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 1.38 — signal, 31.4% of reports name a death outcome, 20,225 reports
Cemiplimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 2.07 — signal, 20.8% of reports name a death outcome, 2,008 reports
Erlotinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 0.92, 46.3% of reports name a death outcome, 12,442 reports
Glofitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.39, 30.3% of reports name a death outcome, 2,383 reports
Everolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 1.93 — signal, 21.5% of reports name a death outcome, 50,589 reports
Vincristine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 2.24 — signal, 18.5% of reports name a death outcome, 29,132 reports
Dinutuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.00 — signal, 20.2% of reports name a death outcome, 832 reports
Neratinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.55 — signal, 15.7% of reports name a death outcome, 2,294 reports
Cabazitaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.00 — signal, 20% of reports name a death outcome, 3,469 reports
Doxorubicin (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 2.13 — signal, 18.7% of reports name a death outcome, 95,403 reports
Mitoxantrone (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.46 — signal, 26.7% of reports name a death outcome, 6,238 reports
Zoledronic acid (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 2.90 — signal, 12.9% of reports name a death outcome, 39,907 reports
Tepotinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.51, 24.6% of reports name a death outcome, 642 reports
Duvelisib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.63, 22.6% of reports name a death outcome, 765 reports
Pegaspargase (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.83 — signal, 12.8% of reports name a death outcome, 12,172 reports
Vemurafenib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 2.09 — signal, 17.3% of reports name a death outcome, 11,949 reports
Polatuzumab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.65 — signal, 21.4% of reports name a death outcome, 9,702 reports
Lisocabtagene maraleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.97 — signal, 17.8% of reports name a death outcome, 846 reports
Ramucirumab (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.29, 26.6% of reports name a death outcome, 6,218 reports
Ponatinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.22, 28.1% of reports name a death outcome, 5,180 reports
Venetoclax (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.20 — signal, 28.3% of reports name a death outcome, 61,220 reports
Oxaliplatin (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 2.34 — signal, 14.5% of reports name a death outcome, 73,752 reports
Momelotinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 2.18 — signal, 15.5% of reports name a death outcome, 1,339 reports
Abiraterone (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.64 — signal, 20.5% of reports name a death outcome, 40,959 reports
Irinotecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.60 — signal, 20.6% of reports name a death outcome, 12,781 reports
Paclitaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.94 — signal, 16.6% of reports name a death outcome, 98,464 reports
Erdafitinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.13, 28.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,215 reports
Ixazomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 1.71 — signal, 18.5% of reports name a death outcome, 28,609 reports
Dabrafenib (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 1.50 — signal, 21% of reports name a death outcome, 20,946 reports
Bicalutamide (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 1.75 — signal, 17.9% of reports name a death outcome, 15,150 reports
Ceritinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.33, 23.2% of reports name a death outcome, 2,378 reports
Rituximab (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.77 — signal, 17.2% of reports name a death outcome, 220,215 reports
Idarubicin (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.36, 22.3% of reports name a death outcome, 1,119 reports
Crizotinib (Renal Cysts): AKI ROR 1.01, 30% of reports name a death outcome, 12,638 reports
Lenvatinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 2.22 — signal, 13.6% of reports name a death outcome, 32,614 reports
Bleomycin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.30 — signal, 23.1% of reports name a death outcome, 10,270 reports
5-Fluorouracil (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 2.12 — signal, 14.1% of reports name a death outcome, 76,954 reports
Bortezomib (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 1.88 — signal, 15.8% of reports name a death outcome, 88,913 reports
Tafasitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.01 — signal, 14.5% of reports name a death outcome, 898 reports
Pentostatin (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 1.18, 24.3% of reports name a death outcome, 1,048 reports
Axitinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.41 — signal, 20.2% of reports name a death outcome, 19,365 reports
Trametinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.33 — signal, 21.4% of reports name a death outcome, 24,023 reports
Entrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.67 — signal, 16.4% of reports name a death outcome, 1,653 reports
Bevacizumab (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 1.23 — signal, 22.2% of reports name a death outcome, 128,714 reports
Dasatinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 1.84 — signal, 14.7% of reports name a death outcome, 9,103 reports
Selinexor (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 1.59 — signal, 17% of reports name a death outcome, 8,606 reports
Temozolomide (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 1.27 — signal, 21.2% of reports name a death outcome, 20,948 reports
Hydroxyurea (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.73 — signal, 15% of reports name a death outcome, 21,026 reports
Midostaurin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.06, 23.9% of reports name a death outcome, 1,943 reports
Inavolisib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 5.39 — signal, 4.7% of reports name a death outcome, 527 reports
Epcoritamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.76, 33.2% of reports name a death outcome, 1,272 reports
Chlorambucil (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 1.05, 23.6% of reports name a death outcome, 3,917 reports
Panitumumab (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.44 — signal, 16.8% of reports name a death outcome, 15,574 reports
Regorafenib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.17, 20.5% of reports name a death outcome, 11,542 reports
Pazopanib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 0.90, 25.8% of reports name a death outcome, 26,904 reports
Dacarbazine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.25, 17.6% of reports name a death outcome, 7,411 reports
Thalidomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.66, 33.3% of reports name a death outcome, 36,497 reports
Ribociclib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.49 — signal, 14.7% of reports name a death outcome, 31,378 reports
Elranatamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.93, 23.5% of reports name a death outcome, 1,037 reports
Fruquintinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.66, 33% of reports name a death outcome, 3,770 reports
Sacituzumab govitecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.04, 20.6% of reports name a death outcome, 4,518 reports
Blinatumomab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.17, 18.2% of reports name a death outcome, 10,373 reports
Temsirolimus (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 0.98, 21.5% of reports name a death outcome, 4,502 reports
Vinblastine (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 1.49, 14.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,941 reports
Tebentafusp (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.19, 17.6% of reports name a death outcome, 581 reports
Teclistamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.04, 19.9% of reports name a death outcome, 2,119 reports
Capecitabine (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.02, 20.1% of reports name a death outcome, 90,989 reports
Octreotide (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.03, 19.9% of reports name a death outcome, 30,742 reports
Sorafenib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.83, 24.6% of reports name a death outcome, 20,646 reports
Imatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.93, 21.5% of reports name a death outcome, 41,417 reports
Obinutuzumab (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.50 — signal, 13.2% of reports name a death outcome, 16,355 reports
Mogamulizumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.36, 14.4% of reports name a death outcome, 1,316 reports
Fedratinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.36, 14.3% of reports name a death outcome, 1,322 reports
Topotecan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.80, 23.9% of reports name a death outcome, 6,854 reports
Sotorasib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.79, 23.7% of reports name a death outcome, 3,319 reports
Talquetamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.69 — signal, 11% of reports name a death outcome, 2,046 reports
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 0.70, 25.7% of reports name a death outcome, 10,021 reports
Docetaxel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.34 — signal, 13.2% of reports name a death outcome, 67,030 reports
Pemigatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.01, 17.5% of reports name a death outcome, 821 reports
Pamidronate (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 1.39, 12.6% of reports name a death outcome, 3,387 reports
Iberdomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.01, 8.7% of reports name a death outcome, 138 reports
Talazoparib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.94, 18.6% of reports name a death outcome, 1,763 reports
Ibrutinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.02, 17.1% of reports name a death outcome, 80,310 reports
Tucatinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.70 — signal, 10.2% of reports name a death outcome, 6,932 reports
Larotrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.94, 18.4% of reports name a death outcome, 874 reports
Zolbetuximab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.39, 12.4% of reports name a death outcome, 1,293 reports
Tisotumab vedotin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.29 — signal, 7.5% of reports name a death outcome, 912 reports
Dostarlimab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 1.40, 12.1% of reports name a death outcome, 2,264 reports
Capmatinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.70, 24.1% of reports name a death outcome, 2,345 reports
Nintedanib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.82, 19.8% of reports name a death outcome, 31,339 reports
Cetuximab (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.20 — signal, 13.5% of reports name a death outcome, 31,150 reports
Lomustine (CCNU) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): AKI ROR 0.71, 22.7% of reports name a death outcome, 2,533 reports
Mosunetuzumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.05, 15.3% of reports name a death outcome, 916 reports
Sunitinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.53, 29.8% of reports name a death outcome, 39,094 reports
Radium-223 dichloride (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.77, 20.4% of reports name a death outcome, 5,023 reports
Acalabrutinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.73, 21.5% of reports name a death outcome, 12,049 reports
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D) (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.88, 17.6% of reports name a death outcome, 2,188 reports
Abemaciclib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 2.14 — signal, 7.2% of reports name a death outcome, 19,870 reports
Zongertinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.11, 13.7% of reports name a death outcome, 124 reports
Brigatinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.68, 21.7% of reports name a death outcome, 3,630 reports
Ziv-aflibercept (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.51, 28.1% of reports name a death outcome, 32,367 reports
Belzutifan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.49, 9.5% of reports name a death outcome, 1,573 reports
Tislelizumab (Acute Interstitial Nephritis): AKI ROR 0.78, 18.1% of reports name a death outcome, 177 reports
Mitotane (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 1.08, 12.9% of reports name a death outcome, 1,782 reports
Tretinoin (ATRA) (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.40 — signal, 9.9% of reports name a death outcome, 8,792 reports
Futibatinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.67, 20.6% of reports name a death outcome, 204 reports
Arsenic trioxide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 2.02 — signal, 6.6% of reports name a death outcome, 3,983 reports
Lorlatinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.49, 26.8% of reports name a death outcome, 6,977 reports
Eribulin (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.74, 17.7% of reports name a death outcome, 3,719 reports
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.01, 12.7% of reports name a death outcome, 5,875 reports
Sonidegib (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 1.29, 9.9% of reports name a death outcome, 1,494 reports
Pomalidomide (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.93, 13.7% of reports name a death outcome, 102,194 reports
Alpelisib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.86, 14.1% of reports name a death outcome, 8,666 reports
Mitomycin C (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 1.05, 11.5% of reports name a death outcome, 3,418 reports
Pralatrexate (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 0.67, 18% of reports name a death outcome, 205 reports
Asciminib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.04, 11.2% of reports name a death outcome, 3,174 reports
Lutetium-177 Dotatate (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): AKI ROR 0.92, 12.4% of reports name a death outcome, 5,683 reports
Olaparib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.40, 28.5% of reports name a death outcome, 20,798 reports
Enzalutamide (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.57, 19.4% of reports name a death outcome, 58,437 reports
Bosutinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 1.24, 8.8% of reports name a death outcome, 8,931 reports
Ruxolitinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.79, 13.8% of reports name a death outcome, 71,241 reports
Vandetanib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 1.15, 9% of reports name a death outcome, 1,794 reports
Ivosidenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.00, 10.1% of reports name a death outcome, 2,057 reports
Lenalidomide (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 0.77, 12.8% of reports name a death outcome, 420,081 reports
Methotrexate (high-dose) (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 1.27 — signal, 7.7% of reports name a death outcome, 489,788 reports
Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.27, 36.2% of reports name a death outcome, 1,521 reports
Lanreotide (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.51, 18.2% of reports name a death outcome, 7,795 reports
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) (Thrombotic Microangiopathy): AKI ROR 0.67, 13.8% of reports name a death outcome, 8,382 reports
Nilotinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.45, 19.2% of reports name a death outcome, 29,318 reports
Ibandronate (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 0.89, 9.6% of reports name a death outcome, 3,079 reports
Procarbazine (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 1.17, 7.2% of reports name a death outcome, 4,488 reports
Darolutamide (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.65, 12.2% of reports name a death outcome, 5,501 reports
Cabozantinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.66, 11.2% of reports name a death outcome, 47,766 reports
Enasidenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.29, 24.9% of reports name a death outcome, 3,296 reports
Gefitinib (Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria): AKI ROR 0.32, 21.8% of reports name a death outcome, 8,974 reports
Repotrectinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.55, 12.4% of reports name a death outcome, 250 reports
Denosumab (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.51, 12.8% of reports name a death outcome, 201,380 reports
Leuprolide (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.40, 15.5% of reports name a death outcome, 78,546 reports
Alectinib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.47, 12.9% of reports name a death outcome, 7,249 reports
Palbociclib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.51, 11.2% of reports name a death outcome, 94,825 reports
Asparaginase (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.89, 6.1% of reports name a death outcome, 309 reports
Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide) (Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy): AKI ROR 0.43, 12.5% of reports name a death outcome, 13,100 reports
Naxitamab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 1.14, 4.6% of reports name a death outcome, 241 reports
Amivantamab (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.69, 7.3% of reports name a death outcome, 3,385 reports
Rucaparib (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 0.85, 5.8% of reports name a death outcome, 8,779 reports
Tamoxifen (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 0.58, 8.3% of reports name a death outcome, 5,726 reports
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) (Acute Tubular Necrosis): AKI ROR 0.21, 21.6% of reports name a death outcome, 639 reports
Pralsetinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.31, 14.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,788 reports
Lazertinib (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 0.97, 4.5% of reports name a death outcome, 706 reports
Cladribine (Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy): AKI ROR 0.52, 7.4% of reports name a death outcome, 9,555 reports
Pacritinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.32, 11.4% of reports name a death outcome, 2,964 reports
Selumetinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.54, 6.5% of reports name a death outcome, 1,530 reports
Quizartinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.22, 15.8% of reports name a death outcome, 634 reports
Imlunestrant (Pseudo-AKI): AKI ROR 2.17, 1.6% of reports name a death outcome, 64 reports
Vismodegib (SIADH / Hyponatremia): AKI ROR 0.31, 11.2% of reports name a death outcome, 8,850 reports
Tazemetostat (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.26, 13.1% of reports name a death outcome, 1,598 reports
Ripretinib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.24, 9.5% of reports name a death outcome, 5,217 reports
Revumenib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.16, 14% of reports name a death outcome, 878 reports
Niraparib (Hypertension): AKI ROR 0.33, 6.5% of reports name a death outcome, 22,116 reports
Daratumumab (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.43, 3.9% of reports name a death outcome, 2,880 reports
Nirogacestat (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.82, 1% of reports name a death outcome, 838 reports
Elacestrant (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.10, 7.7% of reports name a death outcome, 7,117 reports
Avutometinib (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.17, 3.3% of reports name a death outcome, 794 reports
Mechlorethamine (Electrolyte Disturbance): AKI ROR 0.06, 6.9% of reports name a death outcome, 2,244 reports
Pexidartinib (Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI): AKI ROR 0.19, 1.5% of reports name a death outcome, 713 reports

Figure 19·FAERS acute-kidney-injury reporting odds ratio (x, log) against the share of reports filed with a death outcome (y). The upper-right quadrant — right of ROR = 1, above the cohort median death share — is loudest on both axes; filled dots also clear the renal-signal significance bar. Both axes are reporting signals, not incidence or case fatality.

Severity:

Horizontal = citation staleness (years behind the freshest-cited agent); vertical = FAERS AKI reporting odds ratio (log). Color = the atlas's severity grade, size = evidence depth. The upper-right — stale & high-ROR — is the neglected-signal corner.

215 of 215 agents shown · filled = significant renal signal (CI lower bound > 1) · faint = no signal · color = severity grade · size = citation count. Reporting, not incidence. FAERS snapshot 2026-10-01.

Lifileucel: ROR 12.48 (95% CI 8.064–19.309), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate — signal
Tagraxofusp: ROR 6.33 (95% CI 4.164–9.609), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Trabectedin: ROR 6.12 (95% CI 5.006–7.49), 7 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Zanidatamab: ROR 5.58 (95% CI 1.357–22.94), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Mild — signal
Idecabtagene vicleucel: ROR 5.47 (95% CI 4.089–7.326), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Inavolisib: ROR 5.39 (95% CI 3.449–8.43), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate — signal
Interleukin-2 (high-dose): ROR 4.95 (95% CI 3.65–6.708), 15 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Pemetrexed: ROR 4.89 (95% CI 4.622–5.165), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Adagrasib: ROR 4.79 (95% CI 3.437–6.681), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Sirolimus: ROR 4.6 (95% CI 4.177–5.059), 7 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Moderate — signal
Clofarabine: ROR 4.48 (95% CI 3.54–5.662), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Cobimetinib: ROR 4.47 (95% CI 3.778–5.297), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Carfilzomib: ROR 4.34 (95% CI 4.056–4.647), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Severe — signal
Isatuximab: ROR 3.79 (95% CI 3.221–4.452), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Lurbinectedin: ROR 3.7 (95% CI 2.56–5.353), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Cisplatin: ROR 3.39 (95% CI 3.236–3.549), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 20 citations, Severe — signal
Pembrolizumab: ROR 3.31 (95% CI 3.18–3.448), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 15 citations, Moderate — signal
Melphalan: ROR 3.3 (95% CI 3.039–3.582), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Fludarabine: ROR 3.26 (95% CI 3.048–3.479), 9 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate — signal
Binimetinib: ROR 3.19 (95% CI 2.752–3.708), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Encorafenib: ROR 3.17 (95% CI 2.777–3.622), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Thiotepa: ROR 3.05 (95% CI 2.657–3.5), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Enfortumab vedotin: ROR 3.02 (95% CI 2.576–3.538), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Ifosfamide: ROR 2.98 (95% CI 2.714–3.267), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 15 citations, Severe — signal
Carboplatin: ROR 2.94 (95% CI 2.824–3.053), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Mild — signal
Zoledronic acid: ROR 2.9 (95% CI 2.702–3.103), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate — signal
Bendamustine: ROR 2.88 (95% CI 2.631–3.148), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Pirtobrutinib: ROR 2.88 (95% CI 1.783–4.661), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Cytarabine: ROR 2.85 (95% CI 2.698–3.018), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Ipilimumab: ROR 2.84 (95% CI 2.651–3.033), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Severe — signal
Pegaspargase: ROR 2.83 (95% CI 2.498–3.215), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Gemcitabine: ROR 2.77 (95% CI 2.607–2.947), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 14 citations, Severe — signal
Inotuzumab ozogamicin: ROR 2.75 (95% CI 2.124–3.572), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate — signal
Nivolumab: ROR 2.75 (95% CI 2.629–2.882), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel): ROR 2.68 (95% CI 0.37–19.393), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Moderate
Relatlimab: ROR 2.66 (95% CI 1.374–5.139), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Busulfan: ROR 2.64 (95% CI 2.353–2.962), 7 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Atezolizumab: ROR 2.63 (95% CI 2.447–2.835), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 15 citations, Moderate — signal
Etoposide: ROR 2.59 (95% CI 2.451–2.728), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Elotuzumab: ROR 2.58 (95% CI 2.103–3.156), 9 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild — signal
Neratinib: ROR 2.55 (95% CI 1.879–3.46), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate — signal
Brentuximab vedotin: ROR 2.53 (95% CI 2.187–2.925), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Mild — signal
Carmustine (BCNU): ROR 2.41 (95% CI 1.935–3.011), 14 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Vinorelbine: ROR 2.37 (95% CI 1.974–2.845), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Oxaliplatin: ROR 2.34 (95% CI 2.208–2.473), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild — signal
Nelarabine: ROR 2.33 (95% CI 1.419–3.814), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Tisotumab vedotin: ROR 2.29 (95% CI 1.372–3.808), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild — signal
Vincristine: ROR 2.24 (95% CI 2.045–2.455), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Lenvatinib: ROR 2.22 (95% CI 2.038–2.424), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Moderate — signal
Cyclophosphamide: ROR 2.2 (95% CI 2.12–2.287), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Momelotinib: ROR 2.18 (95% CI 1.415–3.352), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Imlunestrant: ROR 2.17 (95% CI 0.301–15.642), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 2 citations, Mild
Abemaciclib: ROR 2.14 (95% CI 1.911–2.396), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Doxorubicin: ROR 2.13 (95% CI 2.018–2.24), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Mild — signal
5-Fluorouracil: ROR 2.12 (95% CI 2.001–2.247), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Vemurafenib: ROR 2.09 (95% CI 1.805–2.424), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Glasdegib: ROR 2.08 (95% CI 0.984–4.378), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Cemiplimab: ROR 2.07 (95% CI 1.446–2.973), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate — signal
Afatinib: ROR 2.04 (95% CI 1.672–2.497), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild — signal
Arsenic trioxide: ROR 2.02 (95% CI 1.559–2.618), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Iberdomide: ROR 2.01 (95% CI 0.498–8.119), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Tafasitamab: ROR 2.01 (95% CI 1.161–3.472), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Belantamab mafodotin: ROR 2 (95% CI 1.476–2.714), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Cabazitaxel: ROR 2 (95% CI 1.512–2.643), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Dinutuximab: ROR 2 (95% CI 1.131–3.537), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Lisocabtagene maraleucel: ROR 1.97 (95% CI 1.112–3.477), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Paclitaxel: ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.839–2.047), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Everolimus: ROR 1.93 (95% CI 1.789–2.077), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Moderate — signal
Bortezomib: ROR 1.88 (95% CI 1.779–1.994), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin: ROR 1.87 (95% CI 1.409–2.476), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate — signal
Dasatinib: ROR 1.84 (95% CI 1.539–2.204), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Rituximab: ROR 1.77 (95% CI 1.7–1.833), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Bicalutamide: ROR 1.75 (95% CI 1.514–2.014), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild — signal
Decitabine: ROR 1.74 (95% CI 1.356–2.22), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild — signal
Hydroxyurea: ROR 1.73 (95% CI 1.534–1.957), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Ixazomib: ROR 1.71 (95% CI 1.543–1.904), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Tucatinib: ROR 1.7 (95% CI 1.37–2.102), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild — signal
Talquetamab: ROR 1.69 (95% CI 1.14–2.508), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Azacitidine: ROR 1.68 (95% CI 1.514–1.866), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Entrectinib: ROR 1.67 (95% CI 1.077–2.602), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Polatuzumab vedotin: ROR 1.65 (95% CI 1.378–1.987), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild — signal
Abiraterone: ROR 1.64 (95% CI 1.496–1.79), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate — signal
Duvelisib: ROR 1.63 (95% CI 0.843–3.139), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Irinotecan: ROR 1.6 (95% CI 1.362–1.884), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Mild — signal
Selinexor: ROR 1.59 (95% CI 1.305–1.94), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Tepotinib: ROR 1.51 (95% CI 0.715–3.173), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Dabrafenib: ROR 1.5 (95% CI 1.321–1.715), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Obinutuzumab: ROR 1.5 (95% CI 1.298–1.744), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate — signal
Belzutifan: ROR 1.49 (95% CI 0.926–2.408), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Ribociclib: ROR 1.49 (95% CI 1.342–1.663), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Vinblastine: ROR 1.49 (95% CI 0.972–2.298), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Mitoxantrone: ROR 1.46 (95% CI 1.147–1.863), 10 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Panitumumab: ROR 1.44 (95% CI 1.231–1.678), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild — signal
Axitinib: ROR 1.41 (95% CI 1.228–1.625), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate — signal
Loncastuximab tesirine: ROR 1.41 (95% CI 0.525–3.764), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Moderate
Tretinoin (ATRA): ROR 1.4 (95% CI 1.134–1.723), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Dostarlimab: ROR 1.4 (95% CI 0.93–2.116), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Glofitamab: ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.93–2.079), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Pamidronate: ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.989–1.943), 15 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Severe
Zolbetuximab: ROR 1.39 (95% CI 0.804–2.397), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate
Durvalumab: ROR 1.38 (95% CI 1.201–1.585), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate — signal
Fedratinib: ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.786–2.344), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Idarubicin: ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.749–2.457), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Mogamulizumab: ROR 1.36 (95% CI 0.79–2.355), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Docetaxel: ROR 1.34 (95% CI 1.24–1.448), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild — signal
Ceritinib: ROR 1.33 (95% CI 0.885–2.013), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Trametinib: ROR 1.33 (95% CI 1.166–1.511), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Bleomycin: ROR 1.3 (95% CI 1.067–1.592), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild — signal
Ramucirumab: ROR 1.29 (95% CI 0.994–1.667), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate
Sonidegib: ROR 1.29 (95% CI 0.764–2.189), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Methotrexate (high-dose): ROR 1.27 (95% CI 1.234–1.31), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate — signal
Temozolomide: ROR 1.27 (95% CI 1.103–1.465), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild — signal
Dacarbazine: ROR 1.25 (95% CI 0.98–1.586), 25 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 2 citations, Mild
Bosutinib: ROR 1.24 (95% CI 0.991–1.54), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Bevacizumab: ROR 1.23 (95% CI 1.157–1.3), 7 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate — signal
Ponatinib: ROR 1.22 (95% CI 0.916–1.637), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Cetuximab: ROR 1.2 (95% CI 1.06–1.348), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Mild — signal
Venetoclax: ROR 1.2 (95% CI 1.105–1.311), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Severe — signal
Tebentafusp: ROR 1.19 (95% CI 0.492–2.861), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate
Trifluridine/tipiracil: ROR 1.19 (95% CI 0.976–1.46), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Pentostatin: ROR 1.18 (95% CI 0.614–2.282), 13 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate
Blinatumomab: ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.948–1.443), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Procarbazine: ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.848–1.606), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate
Regorafenib: ROR 1.17 (95% CI 0.959–1.428), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Vandetanib: ROR 1.15 (95% CI 0.693–1.916), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Naxitamab: ROR 1.14 (95% CI 0.284–4.6), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Erdafitinib: ROR 1.13 (95% CI 0.609–2.114), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Zongertinib: ROR 1.11 (95% CI 0.155–7.952), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild
Mitotane: ROR 1.08 (95% CI 0.64–1.831), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Midostaurin: ROR 1.06 (95% CI 0.64–1.767), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Chlorambucil: ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.737–1.511), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 3 citations, Mild
Mitomycin C: ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.712–1.541), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 13 citations, Severe
Mosunetuzumab: ROR 1.05 (95% CI 0.5–2.214), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Asciminib: ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.697–1.556), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Sacituzumab govitecan: ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.74–1.452), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Moderate
Teclistamab: ROR 1.04 (95% CI 0.636–1.701), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Octreotide: ROR 1.03 (95% CI 0.905–1.173), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Capecitabine: ROR 1.02 (95% CI 0.95–1.105), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Ibrutinib: ROR 1.02 (95% CI 0.936–1.101), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel: ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.747–1.36), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Crizotinib: ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.826–1.243), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild
Pemigatinib: ROR 1.01 (95% CI 0.451–2.246), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Ivosidenib: ROR 1 (95% CI 0.604–1.669), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Temsirolimus: ROR 0.98 (95% CI 0.691–1.385), 10 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild
Lazertinib: ROR 0.97 (95% CI 0.404–2.35), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Larotrectinib: ROR 0.94 (95% CI 0.423–2.109), 6 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Talazoparib: ROR 0.94 (95% CI 0.531–1.653), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Elranatamab: ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.442–1.953), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Imatinib: ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.824–1.043), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Pomalidomide: ROR 0.93 (95% CI 0.864–1.004), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Erlotinib: ROR 0.92 (95% CI 0.74–1.139), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Lutetium-177 Dotatate: ROR 0.92 (95% CI 0.669–1.266), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 19 citations, Moderate
Pazopanib: ROR 0.9 (95% CI 0.776–1.044), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Asparaginase: ROR 0.89 (95% CI 0.222–3.576), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Ibandronate: ROR 0.89 (95% CI 0.576–1.387), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D): ROR 0.88 (95% CI 0.52–1.489), 9 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate
Alpelisib: ROR 0.86 (95% CI 0.656–1.12), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Rucaparib: ROR 0.85 (95% CI 0.647–1.105), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Sorafenib: ROR 0.83 (95% CI 0.692–0.985), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 11 citations, Moderate
Nintedanib: ROR 0.82 (95% CI 0.71–0.947), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Nirogacestat: ROR 0.82 (95% CI 0.341–1.976), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Topotecan: ROR 0.8 (95% CI 0.588–1.095), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild
Ruxolitinib: ROR 0.79 (95% CI 0.721–0.875), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Sotorasib: ROR 0.79 (95% CI 0.501–1.235), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Tislelizumab: ROR 0.78 (95% CI 0.109–5.544), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Lenalidomide: ROR 0.77 (95% CI 0.738–0.801), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Radium-223 dichloride: ROR 0.77 (95% CI 0.528–1.111), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Epcoritamab: ROR 0.76 (95% CI 0.36–1.59), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Eribulin: ROR 0.74 (95% CI 0.476–1.147), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Acalabrutinib: ROR 0.73 (95% CI 0.571–0.933), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Lomustine (CCNU): ROR 0.71 (95% CI 0.409–1.216), 7 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Moderate
Capmatinib: ROR 0.7 (95% CI 0.399–1.24), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Trastuzumab deruxtecan: ROR 0.7 (95% CI 0.531–0.921), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Amivantamab: ROR 0.69 (95% CI 0.428–1.111), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Brigatinib: ROR 0.68 (95% CI 0.429–1.082), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Futibatinib: ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.094–4.803), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Pralatrexate: ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.094–4.779), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): ROR 0.67 (95% CI 0.494–0.913), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Cabozantinib: ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.58–0.752), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Fruquintinib: ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.413–1.042), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Thalidomide: ROR 0.66 (95% CI 0.567–0.764), 9 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Darolutamide: ROR 0.65 (95% CI 0.441–0.954), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Mild
Tamoxifen: ROR 0.58 (95% CI 0.385–0.859), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Enzalutamide: ROR 0.57 (95% CI 0.5–0.644), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Repotrectinib: ROR 0.55 (95% CI 0.077–3.912), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Selumetinib: ROR 0.54 (95% CI 0.241–1.2), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Sunitinib: ROR 0.53 (95% CI 0.454–0.625), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Cladribine: ROR 0.52 (95% CI 0.373–0.717), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Mild
Ziv-aflibercept: ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.425–0.608), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Denosumab: ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.477–0.55), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 10 citations, Moderate
Lanreotide: ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.354–0.735), 8 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Palbociclib: ROR 0.51 (95% CI 0.462–0.569), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Lorlatinib: ROR 0.49 (95% CI 0.332–0.728), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Alectinib: ROR 0.47 (95% CI 0.319–0.7), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Nilotinib: ROR 0.45 (95% CI 0.367–0.548), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Daratumumab: ROR 0.43 (95% CI 0.223–0.824), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 9 citations, Mild
Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide): ROR 0.43 (95% CI 0.316–0.583), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Moderate
Leuprolide: ROR 0.4 (95% CI 0.352–0.456), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Olaparib: ROR 0.4 (95% CI 0.307–0.509), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Niraparib: ROR 0.33 (95% CI 0.251–0.43), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Mild
Gefitinib: ROR 0.32 (95% CI 0.209–0.492), 8 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 12 citations, Mild
Pacritinib: ROR 0.32 (95% CI 0.154–0.679), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Pralsetinib: ROR 0.31 (95% CI 0.115–0.817), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Vismodegib: ROR 0.31 (95% CI 0.2–0.48), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Enasidenib: ROR 0.29 (95% CI 0.139–0.611), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 8 citations, Moderate
Ibritumomab tiuxetan: ROR 0.27 (95% CI 0.087–0.838), 22 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Tazemetostat: ROR 0.26 (95% CI 0.083–0.798), 4 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Ripretinib: ROR 0.24 (95% CI 0.123–0.454), 0 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Mild
Quizartinib: ROR 0.22 (95% CI 0.03–1.535), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Mild
Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd): ROR 0.21 (95% CI 0.03–1.523), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Pexidartinib: ROR 0.19 (95% CI 0.027–1.365), 3 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 5 citations, Mild
Avutometinib: ROR 0.17 (95% CI 0.024–1.225), 1 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 7 citations, Moderate
Revumenib: ROR 0.16 (95% CI 0.022–1.108), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 6 citations, Moderate
Elacestrant: ROR 0.1 (95% CI 0.04–0.231), 2 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Mild
Mechlorethamine: ROR 0.06 (95% CI 0.009–0.433), 5 y behind the freshest-cited agent, 4 citations, Moderate

Figure 20·Citation staleness (how far each agent's newest reference trails the freshest-cited agent) against its FAERS AKI reporting odds ratio (log); color is the editorial severity grade, size is citation depth.

Timing, regimen & era

When injury declares, how combinations compound it, and how the phenotype shifted by drug generation.

When each agent's kidney injury tends to surface, on a log time axis from one hour to two years. A solid bar with end-caps marks an explicit reported earliest→latest range; a lighter cap-less bar is a window estimate only (no dated range); a dot is a single reported day (a dashed tail marks a lone bound — onset can fall later → or earlier ←); and a faint dashed band is a genuinely variable course. Colored by signature injury and grouped beneath it — distilled from each drug's own cited onset prose.

Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Elotuzumab: Hyperacute (<24 h), day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Naxitamab: Hyperacute (<24 h), from about day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Paclitaxel: Hyperacute (<24 h), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Catumaxomab: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ibritumomab tiuxetan: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Lifileucel: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Afamitresgene autoleucel (Afami-cel): Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Blinatumomab: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 1
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — CAR-T Cell Therapy: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 1
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ciltacabtagene autoleucel: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Idecabtagene vicleucel: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Linvoseltamab: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Mosunetuzumab: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Obecabtagene autoleucel (Obe-cel): Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Pivekimab sunirine: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–21
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Pomalidomide: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 1
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tagraxofusp: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 1
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tasonermin: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–2
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tebentafusp: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–21
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Teclistamab: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Afatinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Brentuximab vedotin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Capecitabine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Capivasertib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Clofarabine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Denileukin diftitox: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Dinutuximab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Elranatamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Epcoritamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Gemtuzumab ozogamicin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Gilteritinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Glofitamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Imetelstat: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Inotuzumab ozogamicin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Interleukin-2 (high-dose): Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Irinotecan: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Midostaurin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Mobocertinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Mogamulizumab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Olutasidenib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Pegaspargase: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Polatuzumab vedotin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Quizartinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Revumenib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Sevabertinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tafasitamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Talquetamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tarlatamab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tazemetostat: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Thalidomide: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tisotumab vedotin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Zanubrutinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Zenocutuzumab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Zolbetuximab: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Enasidenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 1–150
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Lisocabtagene maraleucel: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 3–30
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Belzutifan: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 7
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Estramustine: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 7–60
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tretinoin (ATRA): Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 7–21
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Pacritinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), by about day 56
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Adagrasib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Alpelisib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Arsenic trioxide: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ivosidenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Loncastuximab tesirine: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Neratinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Sotorasib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Trifluridine/tipiracil: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ziftomenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Docetaxel: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Duvelisib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Idelalisib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Nilotinib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Bleomycin: Variable / unpredictable, from about day 0
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Trametinib: Variable / unpredictable, by about day 365
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine): Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Asparaginase: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Avapritinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Cabazitaxel: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Casdatifan: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ceritinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Dacarbazine: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Daratumumab: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Elacestrant: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Eribulin: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Glasdegib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Isatuximab: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Mirdametinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Mirvetuximab soravtansine: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Pexidartinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Radium-223 dichloride: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Ruxolitinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Sacituzumab govitecan: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Selumetinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Topotecan: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Tovorafenib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI — Zanidatamab: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Inavolisib: Hyperacute (<24 h), around day 0
Electrolyte Disturbance — Amsacrine: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Electrolyte Disturbance — Dactinomycin (actinomycin D): Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Electrolyte Disturbance — Mechlorethamine: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Electrolyte Disturbance — Strontium-89 chloride: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Electrolyte Disturbance — Vinflunine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Denosumab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 7–14
Electrolyte Disturbance — Mitotane: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 7
Electrolyte Disturbance — Amivantamab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), by about day 14
Electrolyte Disturbance — Avutometinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), by about day 90
Electrolyte Disturbance — Abiraterone: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Cetuximab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Erdafitinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Fedratinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Futibatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Gedatolisib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Infigratinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Necitumumab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Panitumumab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Pemigatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Sunvozertinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Imatinib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Relacorilant: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Darolutamide: Variable / unpredictable, day 0–2
Electrolyte Disturbance — Lanreotide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Nirogacestat: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Octreotide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Electrolyte Disturbance — Teniposide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Cisplatin: Acute (~1–7 days), day 4–7
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Gallium nitrate: Acute (~1–7 days), by about day 7
Acute Tubular Necrosis — BRAF / MEK Inhibitors: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Carboplatin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Ibandronate: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Nedaplatin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Zoledronic acid: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V): Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 1–21
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Samarium-153 lexidronam: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 7
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Vemurafenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), by about day 90
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Binimetinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Cobimetinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd): Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Encorafenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Melphalan flufenamide (melflufen): Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Plicamycin (mithramycin): Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Raltitrexed: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Sonidegib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Iobenguane I-131: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), day 180–365
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Trabectedin: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Enfortumab vedotin: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Lenalidomide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Lurbinectedin: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Pentostatin: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Procarbazine: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Tubular Necrosis — Trastuzumab deruxtecan: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Hypertension — Copanlisib: Hyperacute (<24 h), from about day 0
Hypertension — Acalabrutinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Niraparib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 7
Hypertension — Pralsetinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 14
Hypertension — Axitinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Cabozantinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Enzalutamide: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Fruquintinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Lenvatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Ramucirumab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Regorafenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Ripretinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Selpercatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Sorafenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Tivozanib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Vandetanib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — VEGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Ziv-aflibercept: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Leuprolide: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Nintedanib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Hypertension — Asciminib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Hypertension — Ibrutinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Hypertension — Ponatinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Hypertension — Sunitinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Talazoparib: Hyperacute (<24 h), from about day 0
Pseudo-AKI — Repotrectinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Taletrectinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Vimseltinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 1–56
Pseudo-AKI — Abemaciclib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 7–21
Pseudo-AKI — Alectinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 7–90
Pseudo-AKI — Lorlatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), from about day 7
Pseudo-AKI — Palbociclib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), day 30–35
Pseudo-AKI — Ribociclib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), around day 42
Pseudo-AKI — Brigatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Capmatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Entrectinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Larotrectinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Olaparib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Rucaparib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Tepotinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Tucatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Vorasidenib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Bosutinib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Ensartinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Momelotinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Pseudo-AKI — Zongertinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Bicalutamide: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Nivolumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), day 42–259
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Sugemalimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), day 42–259
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Tislelizumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), from about day 56
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Retifanlimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 90
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Toripalimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), day 90–300
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 98
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Pembrolizumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 105
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Penpulimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 105
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Cosibelimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 108
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Atezolizumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Avelumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Cemiplimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Dostarlimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Durvalumab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Relatlimab: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Ipilimumab: Variable / unpredictable, day 7–91
Acute Interstitial Nephritis — Dabrafenib: Variable / unpredictable, by about day 365
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Hydroxyurea: Hyperacute (<24 h), day 0–1
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Bendamustine: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Cytarabine: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Etoposide: Acute (~1–7 days), day 0–3
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Idarubicin: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Methotrexate (high-dose): Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Mitoxantrone: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Obinutuzumab: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Rituximab: Acute (~1–7 days), day 0–3
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Venetoclax: Acute (~1–7 days), from about day 0
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Cladribine: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–3
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Odronextamab: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–14
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Sonrotoclax: Acute (~1–7 days), day 1–3
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Fludarabine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Nelarabine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Pirtobrutinib: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Decitabine: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Crystal / Obstructive Nephropathy — Pralatrexate: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Bevacizumab: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Dasatinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Doxorubicin: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Erlotinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Everolimus: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Gefitinib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Interferon-α: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — mTOR Inhibitors: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Pazopanib: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Temsirolimus: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Pamidronate: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), day 450–1,440
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Belantamab mafodotin: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Ivonescimab: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Olverembatinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria — Sirolimus: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Oxaliplatin: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Busulfan: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — 5-Fluorouracil: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Doxifluridine: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Gemcitabine: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Mitomycin C: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Tegafur-uracil (UFT): Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Bortezomib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Carfilzomib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Carmofur (HCFU): Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Ixazomib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Moxetumomab pasudotox: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Thrombotic Microangiopathy — Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Cyclophosphamide: Hyperacute (<24 h), from about day 0
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Melphalan: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Vinblastine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Vincristine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Selinexor: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Osimertinib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), around day 60
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Chlorambucil: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Lazertinib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Tamoxifen: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Temozolomide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Vinorelbine: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
SIADH / Hyponatremia — Vismodegib: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Carmustine (BCNU): Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Fotemustine: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Lomustine (CCNU): Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Lutetium-177 Dotatate: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Lutetium-177 PSMA-617 (vipivotide): Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Nimustine (ACNU): Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Chronic Interstitial Nephropathy — Pemetrexed: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), no explicit day range
Fanconi Syndrome — Azacitidine: Acute (~1–7 days), no explicit day range
Fanconi Syndrome — Streptozocin: Subacute (~1–6 weeks), no explicit day range
Fanconi Syndrome — Ifosfamide: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Hemorrhagic Cystitis — Thiotepa: Variable / unpredictable, no explicit day range
Renal Cysts — Crizotinib: Delayed (>6 weeks / cumulative), from about day 14

Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKIElectrolyte DisturbanceAcute Tubular NecrosisHypertensionPseudo-AKIAcute Interstitial NephritisCrystal / Obstructive NephropathyGlomerular Injury / ProteinuriaThrombotic MicroangiopathySIADH / HyponatremiaChronic Interstitial NephropathyFanconi SyndromeHemorrhagic CystitisRenal Cysts

285 agents carrying a structured onset overlay, 81 with explicit day numbers · solid capped bar = reported earliest→latest days · light cap-less bar = window estimate only (no dated range) · dot = single reported day (dashed tail = a lone earliest/latest bound) · hollow dot = typical within a range · dashed band = variable course · › = extends beyond the 2-year axis · faint background bands mark the named onset windows (hyperacute / acute / subacute / delayed). Log time axis (1 h → 2 yr). Distilled from each drug's own cited onset prose — clinical timing, not a guarantee.

Figure 21·For each agent carrying a structured onset overlay, when its signature kidney injury tends to declare after dosing — on a log time axis from one hour to two years, grouped by injury and filterable by signature injury (compare two or three onset profiles side by side). The hub's first clinical-time figure (the streamgraph and approval-to-signal lag are calendar time); distilled from each drug's own cited onset prose.

How soon after dosing each drug-class family's kidney injury tends to declare. Read across a row for a family's onset spread, down a column for the classes that share a tempo.

Show:

raw agent counts, shaded across the whole grid

Number of agents in each drug-class family (rows) whose signature injury declares in each onset window (columns).
Drug-class family	Hyperacute<24 h8	Acute1–7 d86	Subacute1–6 wk86	Delayed>6 wk41	Variablespread64
Other targeted agents	Other targeted agents, Hyperacute: 1 agent (3% of row)	Other targeted agents, Acute: 13 agents (34% of row)	Other targeted agents, Subacute: 14 agents (37% of row)	Other targeted agents, Delayed: 1 agent (3% of row)	Other targeted agents, Variable: 9 agents (24% of row)
Alkylating agents	Alkylating agents, Hyperacute: 1 agent (5% of row)	Alkylating agents, Acute: 3 agents (14% of row)	Alkylating agents, Subacute: 4 agents (19% of row)	Alkylating agents, Delayed: 5 agents (24% of row)	Alkylating agents, Variable: 8 agents (38% of row)
Antimetabolites	Antimetabolites, Hyperacute: 1 agent (5% of row)	Antimetabolites, Acute: 8 agents (40% of row)	Antimetabolites, Subacute: 2 agents (10% of row)	Antimetabolites, Delayed: 5 agents (25% of row)	Antimetabolites, Variable: 4 agents (20% of row)
Checkpoint inhibitors	Checkpoint inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Checkpoint inhibitors, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Checkpoint inhibitors, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Checkpoint inhibitors, Delayed: 15 agents (88% of row)	Checkpoint inhibitors, Variable: 2 agents (12% of row)
Monoclonal antibodies (other)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Hyperacute: 2 agents (13% of row)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Acute: 7 agents (44% of row)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Subacute: 4 agents (25% of row)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Monoclonal antibodies (other), Variable: 3 agents (19% of row)
Anti-angiogenic (VEGF)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Subacute: 13 agents (87% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Delayed: 1 agent (7% of row)	Anti-angiogenic (VEGF), Variable: 1 agent (7% of row)
Antibody-drug conjugates	Antibody-drug conjugates, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Acute: 6 agents (40% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Subacute: 3 agents (20% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antibody-drug conjugates, Variable: 6 agents (40% of row)
Other kinase inhibitors	Other kinase inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Acute: 3 agents (23% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Subacute: 6 agents (46% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Other kinase inhibitors, Variable: 4 agents (31% of row)
ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Acute: 2 agents (17% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Subacute: 7 agents (58% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Delayed: 1 agent (8% of row)	ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitors, Variable: 2 agents (17% of row)
Bispecifics / T-cell engagers	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Acute: 12 agents (100% of row)	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Bispecifics / T-cell engagers, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
BRAF / MEK inhibitors	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Acute: 1 agent (9% of row)	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Subacute: 5 agents (45% of row)	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	BRAF / MEK inhibitors, Variable: 5 agents (45% of row)
EGFR / HER2 inhibitors	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Acute: 3 agents (27% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Subacute: 5 agents (45% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Delayed: 1 agent (9% of row)	EGFR / HER2 inhibitors, Variable: 2 agents (18% of row)
Hormonal / endocrine	Hormonal / endocrine, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Subacute: 4 agents (40% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Delayed: 1 agent (10% of row)	Hormonal / endocrine, Variable: 5 agents (50% of row)
Microtubule inhibitors	Microtubule inhibitors, Hyperacute: 1 agent (13% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Acute: 3 agents (38% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Delayed: 1 agent (13% of row)	Microtubule inhibitors, Variable: 3 agents (38% of row)
Antitumor antibiotics	Antitumor antibiotics, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Acute: 3 agents (43% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Subacute: 2 agents (29% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Delayed: 1 agent (14% of row)	Antitumor antibiotics, Variable: 1 agent (14% of row)
BCR-ABL inhibitors	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Subacute: 1 agent (14% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Delayed: 3 agents (43% of row)	BCR-ABL inhibitors, Variable: 3 agents (43% of row)
PI3K / AKT inhibitors	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Hyperacute: 2 agents (29% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Acute: 1 agent (14% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Subacute: 2 agents (29% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Delayed: 2 agents (29% of row)	PI3K / AKT inhibitors, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
Radiopharmaceuticals	Radiopharmaceuticals, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Acute: 2 agents (29% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Subacute: 1 agent (14% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Delayed: 3 agents (43% of row)	Radiopharmaceuticals, Variable: 1 agent (14% of row)
CAR-T cell therapy	CAR-T cell therapy, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	CAR-T cell therapy, Acute: 4 agents (80% of row)	CAR-T cell therapy, Subacute: 1 agent (20% of row)	CAR-T cell therapy, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	CAR-T cell therapy, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
Cytokines & enzymes	Cytokines & enzymes, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Acute: 3 agents (60% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Subacute: 1 agent (20% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Cytokines & enzymes, Variable: 1 agent (20% of row)
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Acute: 3 agents (60% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Topoisomerase inhibitors, Variable: 2 agents (40% of row)
Bisphosphonates & bone	Bisphosphonates & bone, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Acute: 2 agents (50% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Subacute: 1 agent (25% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Delayed: 1 agent (25% of row)	Bisphosphonates & bone, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
BTK inhibitors	BTK inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Acute: 3 agents (75% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	BTK inhibitors, Variable: 1 agent (25% of row)
FGFR inhibitors	FGFR inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Subacute: 4 agents (100% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	FGFR inhibitors, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
mTOR inhibitors	mTOR inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	mTOR inhibitors, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	mTOR inhibitors, Subacute: 3 agents (75% of row)	mTOR inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	mTOR inhibitors, Variable: 1 agent (25% of row)
Platinum agents	Platinum agents, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Platinum agents, Acute: 4 agents (100% of row)	Platinum agents, Subacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	Platinum agents, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	Platinum agents, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)
CDK4/6 inhibitors	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Hyperacute: 0 agents (0% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Acute: 0 agents (0% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Subacute: 3 agents (100% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Delayed: 0 agents (0% of row)	CDK4/6 inhibitors, Variable: 0 agents (0% of row)

Agent counts per class family × onset window · color depth scales within the grid · column totals above each window.

Figure 22·Each drug-class family by how fast its signature kidney injury tends to declare — from hyperacute (<24 h) to a genuinely variable course. Fast-declaring families cluster on the left, slow-burn/cumulative ones on the right; distilled from each agent's cited onset prose.

How the count of agents per drug generation distributes across kidney injuries — a composition view by era (left), not calendar year. Each ribbon's width is the number of agents from that era carrying that signature injury (right). What the ribbons actually show: the established generation spreads across the structural lesions — tubular necrosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, crystal and chronic interstitial disease — while the frontier concentrates into prerenal/hemodynamic AKI above all, with electrolyte disturbance and pseudo-AKI its next-widest ribbons, and carries no TMA agent at all. Hover or tap a node to isolate its flows.

Ribbon width = agents flowing from each era to their signature injury · numbers = agents per era. A further 146 catalog agents carry no recorded era and are not in this figure — the ribbons total 153 agents, not the full catalog.

Figure 23·Composition by DRUG ERA, not calendar year: how many AGENTS from each generation (established → frontier) carry each signature injury. Where the streamgraph counts citations over time, this counts drugs per era — read the established generation's spread across the structural lesions against the frontier's concentration in prerenal/hemodynamic injury above all, with electrolyte disturbance and pseudo-AKI its next-widest ribbons.

Assemble a regimen and see where kidney risk compounds. Each bar is a kidney injury; its length is how many of the chosen agents carry it, at any tier. Injuries two or more drugs carry, at least one above the rare tier, are the additive hazards to watch (⚠).

CisplatinGemcitabine

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

Cisplatin, Gemcitabine

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Cisplatin

Thrombotic Microangiopathy

Gemcitabine

Glomerular Injury / Proteinuria

Gemcitabine

Electrolyte Disturbance

Cisplatin

Fanconi Syndrome

Cisplatin

Hypertension

Gemcitabine

Prerenal / Hemodynamic AKI

Cisplatin

SIADH / Hyponatremia

Cisplatin

2 agents selected · bar segments = contributing drugs (opacity = injury tier: primary / secondary / rare) · ⚠ marks injuries two or more agents carry, at least one above the rare tier (compounding risk). Educational — not a dosing tool.

Figure 24·An interactive regimen builder: for each kidney injury, how many chosen agents carry it — surfacing where combined risk compounds.

The documented anti-cancer combinations whose kidney risk compounds beyond either drug alone. Each arc joins two agents whose co-administration drives a kidney injury — colored by that phenotype — and a node grows with the number of combinations it anchors. Read the hubs that recur across regimens and the phenotype that dominates the synergies. Hover, tap, or focus a node for its combinations; the complementary agent-count view is the regimen injury-stacking figure above.

Acute Tubular Necrosis
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Fanconi Syndrome

9 verified combinations across 13 agents, thrombotic microangiopathy the most common synergy phenotype (5). Hover, tap, or focus a node to trace its combinations.

Node size = combinations anchored · arc color = the compounded kidney injury · every edge is PMID-grounded. Documented additive/synergistic risk, not a per-patient prediction.

Figure 25·The documented anti-cancer combinations whose kidney risk compounds beyond either agent alone, drawn as a network: nodes are agents (sized by how many combinations they anchor), arcs are verified synergistic pairs colored by the injury they drive. Cisplatin is the recurring hub and thrombotic microangiopathy the dominant synergy phenotype; every edge is PMID-grounded. The regimen-level companion to the injury-stacking figure above.

Data Studio

Build your own view of the whole nephrotoxicity dataset. Pick a chart, choose the axes, color and group by any dimension, and filter to a slice — then read what falls out. Every field comes from the same citation-grounded catalog behind the rest of the atlas.

Chart

X axisY axisColor byFilter · Class familyFilter · EraFilter · Signature injuryFilter · Severity

ALK / ROS1 / MET / TRK inhibitorsAlkylating agentsAnti-angiogenic (VEGF)Antibody-drug conjugatesAntimetabolitesAntitumor antibioticsBCR-ABL inhibitorsBRAF / MEK inhibitorsBTK inhibitorsBispecifics / T-cell engagersBisphosphonates & boneCAR-T cell therapyCDK4/6 inhibitorsCheckpoint inhibitorsCytokines & enzymesEGFR / HER2 inhibitorsFGFR inhibitorsHormonal / endocrineMicrotubule inhibitorsMonoclonal antibodies (other)Other kinase inhibitorsOther targeted agentsPI3K / AKT inhibitorsPlatinum agentsRadiopharmaceuticalsTopoisomerase inhibitorsmTOR inhibitors

290 of 290 agents; charts omit any agent missing the plotted value. Exploratory view of documented data — not a statistical model or a clinical recommendation.

Covers the 290 cataloged agents. Exploratory teaching tool — read the shape, not a statistical model.

Go deeper

Class-effect explorer

The Class × Injury matrix, made interactive.

The nephron under attack

Injury by nephron segment, end to end.

Bulk export & API

Download the whole catalog, or hit the read API.

Figures are derived from the static, citation-grounded catalog. FAERS is a spontaneous-reporting system — reporting odds ratios reflect disproportionate reporting, not incidence or proven causation. Medical-education content only — not medical advice.