§The Evidence Base
Every citation, in one place
The atlas is grounded in 1,625 unique PubMed references. Search the bibliography, filter to landmark trials, and jump from any reference to the agents it supports — then see the 37 society guidelines and consensus statements that synthesize it. Looking for the headline numbers the seminal studies contributed? See the Landmark Trials gallery.
Up to date· through 2026Newest reference 2026 · 42% of the bibliography is from the last five years.See it visualized
1,625 of 1,625 references · showing first 80 — search to narrow
Landmark
PARP Inhibitors and the Risk of Serum Creatinine Elevation in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Gąsowska-Bodnar A, et al · Cancers (Basel) 2026 · PMID 42073552
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Post-FDA Approval Experience With Momelotinib in JAK Inhibitor-Naive Myelofibrosis: Focus on Anemia Response and Treatment-Emergent Nephropathy and Peripheral Neuropathy.
Tefferi A et al. · Am J Hematol 2026 · PMID 41504170
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BRIDGE (OP-107): A Phase 2 Pharmacokinetic Study of Melflufen Plus Dexamethasone in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Impaired Renal Function.
Pour L et al. · Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2026 · PMID 42215355
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Anti-PD-1 antibody penpulimab plus chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 study.
Huang S, Liu F, Qu S, et al. · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2026 · PMID 41946687
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VIKTORIA-1 Trial of Gedatolisib Plus Fulvestrant With or Without Palbociclib in Hormone Receptor-Positive/HER2-/PIK3CA Wild-Type Advanced Breast Cancer.
Hurvitz SA, Layman RM, Curigliano G, et al. · J Clin Oncol 2026 · PMID 41802242
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Management of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: treatment standard.
Jaturapisanukul S et al. · Nephrol Dial Transplant 2026 · PMID 41324260
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Executive summary of the European consensus report on the diagnosis and treatment of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance.
Sprangers B et al. · Clin Kidney J 2026 · PMID 42338690
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Emerging Paradigms in Genitourinary Cancers: Integrating Molecular Imaging, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Targeted Therapies, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Renal Cell and Urothelial Carcinomas.
McKay RR et al. · Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2025 · PMID 40198857
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Real-World Creatinine-Based Estimates of Acute and Chronic Kidney Dysfunction in Patients with Advanced ALK-Rearranged Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.
Pinard L et al. · Clin Lung Cancer 2025 · PMID 40382267
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Renal adverse events associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors.
Izzedine H et al. · Cancer Treat Rev 2025 · PMID 41385991
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Pseudo acute kidney injury in patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Buijs SM et al. · Br J Cancer 2025 · PMID 39930149
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Drug-induced rise in serum creatinine: cystatin C to the rescue? Evidence, pitfalls and knowledge gaps.
Van Regemorter E et al. · Eur J Intern Med 2025 · PMID 41224604
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Zongertinib in Previously Treated HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Heymach JV et al. · N Engl J Med 2025 · PMID 40293180
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Taletrectinib in ROS1+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST.
Perol M, Li W, Pennell NA, et al. · J Clin Oncol 2025 · PMID 40179330
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Acute kidney injury after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is associated with inferior survival in patients with relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
Sharp J, Zhao Q, Voorhees TJ, et al. · Br J Haematol 2025 · PMID 40589093
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Disproportionality analysis of adverse events associated with pacritinib: a real-world study based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.
Zhang H, et al. · Front Oncol 2025 · PMID 40792279
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Efficacy and Safety of Avutometinib ± Defactinib in Recurrent Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: Primary Analysis of ENGOT-OV60/GOG-3052/RAMP 201.
Banerjee SN, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Aghajanian C, et al. · J Clin Oncol 2025 · PMID 40644648
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Defactinib with avutometinib in patients with solid tumors: the phase 1 FRAME trial.
Banerjee S, Krebs MG, Greystoke A, et al. · Nat Med 2025 · PMID 40579546
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Odronextamab monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma: primary efficacy and safety analysis in phase 2 ELM-2 trial.
Kim WS, Kim TM, Cho SG, et al. · Nat Cancer 2025 · PMID 40097657
Landmark
The anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody naxitamab plus GM-CSF for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: a phase 2 clinical trial.
Mora J, et al. · Nat Commun 2025 · PMID 39952926
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Relacorilant and nab-paclitaxel in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (ROSELLA): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.
Olawaiye AB, Gladieff L, O'Malley DM, et al. · Lancet 2025 · PMID 40473448
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Sevabertinib in Advanced HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Le X, Kim TM, Loong HH, et al. · N Engl J Med 2025 · PMID 41104928
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Vepdegestrant, a PROTAC Estrogen Receptor Degrader, in Advanced Breast Cancer.
Campone M, De Laurentiis M, Jhaveri K, et al. · N Engl J Med 2025 · PMID 40454645
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Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.
Schram AM, Goto K, Kim DW, et al. · N Engl J Med 2025 · PMID 39908431
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Novel strategies for rare oncogenic drivers in non-small-cell lung cancer: An update from the 2024 Annual ESMO meeting.
van der Wel JWT, de Langen AJ · Lung Cancer 2025 · PMID 40118657
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A population pharmacokinetic analysis to evaluate the impact of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of iberdomide.
Chen P et al. · J Pharm Sci 2025 · PMID 39870177
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Oral iptacopan therapy in patients with C3 glomerulopathy: a randomised, double-blind, parallel group, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study.
Kavanagh D, et al. · Lancet 2025 · PMID 41016405
Landmark
Risk factors for hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a letermovir-exposed CMV-free population receiving PTCy.
Galli E et al. · Eur J Haematol 2024 · PMID 38183299
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Sacituzumab-govitecan-induced severe acute tubulointerstitial nephritis requiring hemodialysis.
Guarin G et al. · BMC Nephrol 2024 · PMID 39522022
Landmark
Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in a Multiple Myeloma Patient After Belantamab Mafodotin Therapy and Severe COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report.
Sabbah M et al. · Am J Case Rep 2024 · PMID 39482831
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Hypertension associated with niraparib in cancer patients: A pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FAERS database and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Chen W et al. · Gynecol Oncol 2024 · PMID 38295607
Landmark
FGFR-targeted therapeutics: clinical activity, mechanisms of resistance and new directions.
Katoh M et al. · Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024 · PMID 38424198
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Capmatinib in MET exon 14-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer: final results from the open-label, phase 2 GEOMETRY mono-1 trial.
Wolf J et al. · Lancet Oncol 2024 · PMID 39362249
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Belzutifan versus Everolimus for Advanced Renal-Cell Carcinoma.
Choueiri TK et al. · N Engl J Med 2024 · PMID 39167807
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Cardiovascular events reported in patients with B-cell malignancies treated with zanubrutinib.
Moslehi JJ et al. · Blood Adv 2024 · PMID 38502198
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Efficacy of daratumumab on multiple myeloma patients with renal insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Jiang H et al. · Hematology 2024 · PMID 39248713
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A real-world pharmacovigilance study using disproportionality analysis of United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System events for vinca alkaloids: comparing vinorelbine and Vincristine.
Zhong C et al. · Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024 · PMID 39340205
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Cardiovascular Events and Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
El-Taji O et al. · JAMA Oncol 2024 · PMID 38842801
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Tumour lysis syndrome.
Howard SC et al. · Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024 · PMID 39174582
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Ziftomenib in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (KOMET-001): a multicentre, open-label, multi-cohort, phase 1 trial.
Wang ES et al. · Lancet Oncol 2024 · PMID 39362248
Landmark
Efficacy and Safety of Denileukin Diftitox-Cxdl, an Improved Purity Formulation of Denileukin Diftitox, in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma.
Foss FM et al. · J Clin Oncol 2024 · PMID 39700456
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Tisotumab Vedotin as Second- or Third-Line Therapy for Recurrent Cervical Cancer.
Vergote I et al. · N Engl J Med 2024 · PMID 38959480
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Ivonescimab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Variant: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Fang W et al. · JAMA 2024 · PMID 38820549
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Linvoseltamab for Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.
Bumma N et al. · J Clin Oncol 2024 · PMID 38879802
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Vimseltinib versus placebo for tenosynovial giant cell tumour (MOTION): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.
Gelderblom H, Bhadri V, Stacchiotti S, et al. · Lancet 2024 · PMID 38843860
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Inavolisib-Based Therapy in PIK3CA-Mutated Advanced Breast Cancer.
Turner NC, Im SA, Saura C, et al. · N Engl J Med 2024 · PMID 39476340
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Telisotuzumab Vedotin Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated c-Met Protein-Overexpressing Advanced Nonsquamous EGFR-Wildtype Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase II LUMINOSITY Trial.
Camidge DR, Bar J, Horinouchi H, et al. · J Clin Oncol 2024 · PMID 38843488
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Afamitresgene autoleucel for advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid round cell liposarcoma (SPEARHEAD-1): an international, open-label, phase 2 trial.
D'Angelo SP, Araujo DM, Abdul Razak AR, et al. · Lancet 2024 · PMID 38554725
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Obecabtagene Autoleucel in Adults with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Roddie C, Sandhu KS, Tholouli E, et al. · N Engl J Med 2024 · PMID 39602653
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Efficacy of Trametinib in Alleviating Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Inhibition of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Tubular Cell Death in a Mouse Model.
Lee JE, Kim JY, Leem J. · Molecules 2024 · PMID 38930946
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Serum creatine kinase elevation following tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment in cancer patients: Symptoms, mechanism, and clinical management.
Zhang H, To KKW. · Clin Transl Sci 2024 · PMID 39473122
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Safety and efficacy of odronextamab in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma.
Kim TM, Taszner M, Novelli S, et al. · Ann Oncol 2024 · PMID 39147364
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Acute kidney injury following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: Epidemiology, mechanism and prognosis.
Yang Y et al. · Clin Immunol 2024 · PMID 38996858
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Discovery of the Clinical Candidate Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417), a Highly Potent and Selective Inhibitor for Both WT and G101V Mutant Bcl-2.
Guo Y, Xue H, Hu N, et al. · J Med Chem 2024 · PMID 38695063
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Pivekimab sunirine (IMGN632), a novel CD123-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia: a phase 1/2 study.
Daver NG, Montesinos P, DeAngelo DJ, et al. · Lancet Oncol 2024 · PMID 38423051
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Imlunestrant with or without Abemaciclib in Advanced Breast Cancer.
Jhaveri KL, Neven P, Casalnuovo ML, et al. · N Engl J Med 2024 · PMID 39660834
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ACTION: a randomized phase 3 study of ONC201 (dordaviprone) in patients with newly diagnosed H3 K27M-mutant diffuse glioma.
Arrillaga-Romany I, Lassman A, McGovern SL, et al. · Neuro Oncol 2024 · PMID 38445964
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Elranatamab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: phase 2 MagnetisMM-3 trial results.
Lesokhin AM et al. · Nat Med 2023 · PMID 37582952
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EV-301 long-term outcomes: 24-month findings from the phase III trial of enfortumab vedotin versus chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma.
Rosenberg JE et al. · Ann Oncol 2023 · PMID 37678672
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Deruxtecan-Induced Reversible Fanconi Syndrome.
Kalantri P et al. · Cureus 2023 · PMID 37492824
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Mirvetuximab Soravtansine in FRα-Positive, Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer.
Moore KN et al. · N Engl J Med 2023 · PMID 38055253
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Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetics and Dasatinib Nephrotoxicity.
Adegbite BO et al. · Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023 · PMID 37382967
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Long-term safety and efficacy of selumetinib in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 on a phase 1/2 trial for inoperable plexiform neurofibromas.
Gross AM et al. · Neuro Oncol 2023 · PMID 37115514
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Futibatinib for FGFR2-Rearranged Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.
Goyal L et al. · N Engl J Med 2023 · PMID 36652354
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Hypocalcemia Risk of Denosumab Across the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Cowan A et al. · J Bone Miner Res 2023 · PMID 36970786
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Tarlatamab, a First-in-Class DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, in Recurrent Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An Open-Label, Phase I Study.
Paz-Ares L et al. · J Clin Oncol 2023 · PMID 36689692
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The menin inhibitor revumenib in KMT2A-rearranged or NPM1-mutant leukaemia.
Issa GC et al. · Nature 2023 · PMID 36922593
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Pirtobrutinib after a Covalent BTK Inhibitor in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Mato AR et al. · N Engl J Med 2023 · PMID 37407001
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Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer.
Turner NC et al. · N Engl J Med 2023 · PMID 37256976
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Nirogacestat, a gamma-Secretase Inhibitor for Desmoid Tumors.
Gounder M et al. · N Engl J Med 2023 · PMID 36884323
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Zanidatamab for HER2-amplified, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (HERIZON-BTC-01): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2b study.
Harding JJ et al. · Lancet Oncol 2023 · PMID 37276871
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The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial.
Kilburn LB et al. · Nat Med 2023 · PMID 37978284
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Quantitative Consideration of Clinical Increases in Serum Creatinine Caused by Renal Transporter Inhibition.
Nakada T et al. · Drug Metab Dispos 2023 · PMID 36859345
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Ten years of treatment with ruxolitinib for myelofibrosis: a review of safety.
Verstovsek S et al. · J Hematol Oncol 2023 · PMID 37501130
§Guidelines & Consensus
The guidance behind the management
37 guidelines and consensus statements from KDIGO, ASCO, ESMO, SITC, ASON, the ADQI, ASTCT, the ESC, eviQ/ADDIKD and expert panels — every one PubMed-verified — that inform how anti-cancer-drug kidney injury is prevented, diagnosed and managed. Each drug page links the guidelines relevant to that agent.
Each recommendation below is this atlas's faithful summary of the source, not a quotation from it — follow the PubMed link for the wording the society published. Summaries may be superseded; consult the current full text and individualize to the patient.
IC-OSImmune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cardiovascular Toxic Effects: International Cardio-Oncology Society Position StatementJAMA Oncol 2026 · PMID 41231466Concerns for myocarditis continue to dominate the spectrum of CV toxic effects in patients receiving ICI therapy. Recommendations for management vary according to severity. Multidisciplinary collaborations remain key for managing acute toxic effects and future cancer treatment decisions, including ICI rechallenge.ADQIConventional cytotoxic chemotherapy-associated nephrotoxicity: consensus report of the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) WorkgroupKidney Int 2026 · PMID 41881107Cisplatin is identified as a leading cytotoxic nephrotoxin; the workgroup details preventive measures (adequate isotonic hydration, correction of volume depletion, avoidance of concurrent nephrotoxins, attention to electrolyte/magnesium wasting) and management of cisplatin-associated AKI, with a research agenda for knowledge gaps.ADQIImmune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Report from the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) Consensus ConferenceJ Am Soc Nephrol 2026 · PMID 42536415AKI occurs in up to 20% of ICI-treated patients with ICI-AKI accounting for roughly 2-5% of cases, and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis dominates (80-90% of biopsies); no clinical feature reliably separates ICI-AKI from other causes, so kidney biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard and emerging biomarkers are not yet ready for routine use. Early glucocorticoid initiation (within 3 days of diagnosis) is associated with higher rates of kidney recovery, and recurrent ICI-AKI occurs in fewer than 20% of rechallenged patients, supporting cautious rechallenge in selected patients with individualized multidisciplinary decisions for transplant recipients and other high-risk groups.ASONDiagnosis and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated nephrotoxicity: a position statement from the American Society of Onco-nephrologyKidney Int 2025 · PMID 39455026ICI-AKI most commonly presents as acute interstitial nephritis; nephrology consultation and kidney biopsy should be considered for stage 2 or higher AKI or suspected glomerular disease, but where biopsy is not feasible, prompt empiric corticosteroids (prednisone ~1 mg/kg/day) should be started for clinically suspected ICI-AKI since early steroids improve renal recovery, with cautious individualized consideration of ICI rechallenge after recovery.NCCNNCCN Guidelines Insights: Management of Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities, Version 2.2024J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024 · PMID 39536465For mild MNTs, steroids such as dexamethasone 10 mg daily can be considered. For persistent, severe, or refractory MNTs, and if high circulating CAR T-cell levels are detected, chemotherapy such as cyclophosphamide can be considered.ESMOManagement of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-upAnn Oncol 2022 · PMID 36270461For ICI-related AKI, exclude alternative etiologies and stop concomitant nephrotoxins (PPIs, NSAIDs); ESMO permits continuing the ICI for stage 1 AKI with monitoring, but recommends withholding the ICI and starting corticosteroids for stage 2 or higher nephritis, escalating immunosuppression for steroid-refractory disease.Expert ConsensusThe Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A General Consensus Statement of a Group of Oncologist-Hematologists, Adult and Pediatric Nephrologists, Radiation Oncologists, Clinical Pathologists, Clinical Pharmacologists, and Renal Physiologists on Cisplatin Therapy in Cancer PatientsInt J Prev Med 2022 · PMID 35392316Consensus on modifiable factors for cisplatin nephrotoxicity prevention, addressing hydration methods, magnesium supplementation, dextrose, avoidance of NSAIDs and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and contrast agents around cisplatin, GFR assessment, antioxidants, and patient factors (age, sex, female hormones).ESC2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)Eur Heart J 2022 · PMID 36017568For VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors, perform baseline cardiovascular risk assessment, monitor blood pressure (weekly during the first cycle, then regularly) and treat to a target <140/90 mmHg with ACE inhibitors/ARBs and dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers; manage VEGFi-associated hypertension and proteinuria with interruption/dose modification when severe.ESCEuropean Society of Cardiology quality indicators for the prevention and management of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity in cancer treatmentEur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2022 · PMID 36316010Adherence quality indicators require documented baseline cardiovascular risk assessment and structured monitoring of cardiovascular complications (including hypertension) during cancer therapy such as VEGF-pathway inhibitors.ASCOManagement of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: ASCO Guideline UpdateJ Clin Oncol 2021 · PMID 34724392For grade 2 or higher ICI-related nephritis/AKI, hold the ICI, exclude alternative causes, and initiate corticosteroids (prednisone 0.5-1 mg/kg/day for grade 2, 1-2 mg/kg/day for grade 3-4) tapered over 4-6 weeks once creatinine improves; permanently discontinue for grade 4 toxicity.SITCSociety for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse eventsJ Immunother Cancer 2021 · PMID 34172516Grade ICI-related AKI by CTCAE; for persistent grade 2 or higher renal toxicity, discontinue the ICI, exclude other causes, and treat with corticosteroids with a taper begun once creatinine improves toward grade 1, considering kidney biopsy and additional immunosuppression for refractory cases.EULAREULAR points to consider for the diagnosis and management of rheumatic immune-related adverse events due to cancer immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitorsAnn Rheum Dis 2021 · PMID 32327425Oncologists should be encouraged to consult rheumatologists promptly for assessment when rheumatic musculoskeletal and systemic signs or symptoms are suspected due to immunotherapy, and rheumatologists should provide facilitated access for such patients.ASCOManagement of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy: ASCO GuidelineJ Clin Oncol 2021 · PMID 34724386Grade toxicities by ASTCT criteria; manage CRS with supportive care escalating to tocilizumab with or without corticosteroids, and manage moderate-to-severe ICANS with corticosteroids and supportive care given potential for rapid decline.KDIGOManagement of Blood Pressure in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Not Receiving Dialysis: Synopsis of the 2021 KDIGO Clinical Practice GuidelineAnn Intern Med 2021 · PMID 34152826Recommends standardized office BP measurement and a target systolic BP <120 mm Hg for most CKD patients, with RAAS inhibitors first-line when albuminuria is present — the BP-management basis for anti-VEGF/TKI-induced hypertension and proteinuria.PUMCH Expert PanelClinical recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced renal immune-related adverse eventsThorac Cancer 2020 · PMID 32232975Screen and monitor with serum creatinine, urinalysis/sediment, and 24-hour urine protein; strongly recommend kidney biopsy to confirm ICI-related ATIN and exclude other AKI causes, withdraw nephrotoxins (PPIs, NSAIDs), and initiate corticosteroids when a grade 2 or higher renal irAE is highly suspected, with multidisciplinary decisions on ICI withdrawal and rechallenge.ASTCTASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector CellsBiol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019 · PMID 30592986Grade CRS by fever, hypotension and hypoxia (grades 1-4) and grade ICANS using the ICE/encephalopathy score plus level of consciousness, seizures, motor findings and raised intracranial pressure/edema; this is the standard severity framework that triggers tocilizumab and corticosteroid escalation in CAR-T and bispecific antibody toxicity (the Lee 2019 consensus).ASCOManagement of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice GuidelineJ Clin Oncol 2018 · PMID 29442540Withhold the checkpoint inhibitor and start corticosteroids for grade 2 or higher immune-related renal toxicity after excluding other causes of AKI, with steroid taper as renal function recovers and permanent discontinuation for severe (grade 4) events.Intl. Expert PanelConsensus Guideline for Use of Glucarpidase in Patients with High-Dose Methotrexate Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Delayed Methotrexate ClearanceOncologist 2018 · PMID 29079637For HDMTX infusions <=24 h, glucarpidase may be indicated when the methotrexate concentration is >30 uM at 36 h, >10 uM at 42 h, or >5 uM at 48 h together with a significantly elevated serum creatinine (indicating HDMTX-induced AKI); administer optimally within 48-60 h of infusion start, as it is far less effective beyond 60 h.ASCO / CCORole of Bone-Modifying Agents in Metastatic Breast Cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology-Cancer Care Ontario Focused Guideline UpdateJ Clin Oncol 2017 · PMID 29035643Endorses denosumab 120 mg SC q4w, pamidronate 90 mg IV q3-4w, or zoledronic acid 4 mg IV q12w or q3-4w; nitrogen bisphosphonates require renal function monitoring and dose/interval adjustment for impaired clearance, whereas denosumab needs no renal dose adjustment (with hypocalcemia risk in CKD).BCSHGuidelines for the management of tumour lysis syndrome in adults and children with haematological malignancies on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in HaematologyBr J Haematol 2015 · PMID 25876990Risk-adapted prophylaxis and management of TLS in haematological malignancy: hydration with allopurinol for lower-risk and rasburicase for high-risk patients, with monitoring of electrolytes and renal function to prevent and treat AKI.TLS Consensus PanelRecommendations for the evaluation of risk and prophylaxis of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) in adults and children with malignant diseases: an expert TLS panel consensusBr J Haematol 2010 · PMID 20331465Stratify each patient as low/intermediate/high TLS risk using tumor type, bulk/stage, proliferation rate, baseline laboratory TLS, and renal impairment/involvement, then match prophylaxis intensity (monitoring vs allopurinol vs rasburicase) to the assigned risk level.UK Consensus PanelUsing bevacizumab to treat metastatic cancer: UK consensus guidelinesBr J Hosp Med (Lond) 2010 · PMID 21135762Assess and monitor blood pressure and proteinuria during bevacizumab therapy; treat emergent hypertension to standard targets and interrupt/discontinue the drug for uncontrolled hypertension, nephrotic-range proteinuria or other severe vascular toxicity.TLS Expert PanelGuidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based reviewJ Clin Oncol 2008 · PMID 18509186Prevention is the best management: hydration plus prophylactic rasburicase for high-risk patients, hydration plus allopurinol or rasburicase for intermediate-risk, and monitoring for low-risk; for established TLS add aggressive hydration and diuresis plus allopurinol or rasburicase for hyperuricemia. Urinary alkalinization is NOT recommended.Cairo-BishopTumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classificationBr J Haematol 2004 · PMID 15384972Defines the Cairo-Bishop criteria distinguishing laboratory TLS (>=2 metabolic abnormalities: hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia within 3 days before to 7 days after therapy) from clinical TLS (laboratory TLS plus AKI, cardiac arrhythmia, or seizure), with a severity grading scheme adopted by subsequent guidelines.
General onco-nephrology references
ADQIThe nephrotoxic effects of anti-cancer therapies: consensus report of the 34th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroupNat Rev Nephrol 2026 · PMID 41361704Provides expert-based statements (modified Delphi) on preventing and managing cisplatin/platinum-associated AKI, including isotonic IV hydration, attention to volume status and concomitant nephrotoxins, and incorporates evidence that IV magnesium supplementation may reduce cisplatin-associated AKI; emphasizes risk stratification and standardized AKI definitions.ADDIKDIntegrating International Consensus Guidelines for Anticancer Drug Dosing in Kidney Dysfunction (ADDIKD) into everyday practiceEClinicalMedicine 2025 · PMID 40290844Provides GRADE-based, drug-specific dose-adjustment recommendations for anticancer agents in kidney dysfunction (illustrated for methotrexate, cisplatin, carboplatin and nivolumab); the recommendations build on Part 1's standardised CKD-EPI eGFR assessment rather than Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance.ADDIKDAligning kidney function assessment in patients with cancer to global practices in internal medicineEClinicalMedicine 2025 · PMID 40290845Three consensus recommendations: assess kidney function by GFR (measured GFR or CKD-EPI eGFR), classify it using KDIGO categories, and use this uniform approach to dose anticancer drugs — moving cancer medicine away from Cockcroft-Gault estimated creatinine clearance.ADDIKDA methodology for determining dosing recommendations for anticancer drugs in patients with reduced kidney functionEClinicalMedicine 2025 · PMID 40290846Establishes that, where RCT evidence is lacking, anticancer drug dosing recommendations in kidney dysfunction should be derived by critically appraising observational literature via GRADE combined with structured international multidisciplinary consensus voting.KDIGOExecutive summary of the KDIGO 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) and Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis (IgAV)Kidney Int 2025 · PMID 40975525Encourages liberal kidney biopsy and stricter proteinuria control (<0.5 g/d, ideally <0.3 g/d) with RAAS blockers, SGLT2 inhibitors, and targeted-release budesonide — the framework for IgA-dominant glomerular lesions, including those triggered by immune-modulating cancer therapy.KDIGOExecutive summary of the KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: known knowns and known unknownsKidney Int 2024 · PMID 38519239Evaluate and risk-stratify CKD, manage to delay progression and its complications, and practise explicit medication management and drug stewardship — the framework the atlas's G1–G5 eGFR banding and every renal dose-adjustment recommendation sit inside. Because the guideline excludes dialysis and transplant recipients by its own statement of scope, its recommendations do not carry to those settings, where this atlas's dialyzability and post-transplant guidance rests on other sources.KDIGOExecutive summary of the KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of ANCA-Associated VasculitisKidney Int 2024 · PMID 38388147Updates immunosuppressive induction (rituximab/cyclophosphamide), incorporates avacopan and lower-dose or glucocorticoid-sparing regimens — the management framework for drug- and checkpoint-inhibitor-associated ANCA/pauci-immune glomerulonephritis.KDIGOExecutive summary of the KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Lupus NephritisKidney Int 2024 · PMID 38182299Updates first-line lupus nephritis therapy to combination immunosuppression with the addition of belimumab or a calcineurin inhibitor (voclosporin) — informs management of immune-complex/lupus-like glomerulonephritis encountered with immunotherapy.SIRMSIRM-SIN-AIOM: appropriateness criteria for evaluation and prevention of renal damage in the patient undergoing contrast medium examinations-consensus statements from Italian College of Radiology (SIRM), Italian College of Nephrology (SIN) and Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)Radiol Med 2022 · PMID 35303246Recommends eGFR-based renal risk assessment and pre/post-contrast isotonic saline or sodium bicarbonate hydration; advises maintaining a 5-7 day interval between iodinated contrast administration and cisplatin in cancer patients to reduce additive nephrotoxicity.KDIGOExecutive summary of the KDIGO 2021 Guideline for the Management of Glomerular DiseasesKidney Int 2021 · PMID 34556300Provides the staging/treatment framework for drug-associated glomerular lesions (e.g., bisphosphonate- and interferon-related collapsing FSGS, VEGF-inhibitor podocytopathy/proteinuria), including immunosuppression and supportive RAAS-blockade strategies.KDIGOKDIGO Controversies Conference on onco-nephrology: understanding kidney impairment and solid-organ malignancies, and managing kidney cancerKidney Int 2020 · PMID 33126977Identifies platinum compounds (especially cisplatin) as leading cytotoxic causes of acute tubular injury, AKI, and electrolyte/magnesium wasting; calls for interdisciplinary onco-nephrology care, accurate GFR estimation, and individualized drug dosing in patients with reduced kidney function.KDIGOKDIGO Controversies Conference on onco-nephrology: kidney disease in hematological malignancies and the burden of cancer after kidney transplantationKidney Int 2020 · PMID 33276867Addresses chemotherapy-associated AKI/CKD in hematologic cancer, GFR estimation and chemotherapy dosing in patients with reduced kidney function, and management priorities and research gaps for onco-nephrology care.KDIGODiagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1)Crit Care 2013 · PMID 23394211Defines/stages AKI by serum creatinine and urine output; emphasizes avoiding nephrotoxins, maintaining euvolemia/perfusion, dose-adjusting drugs to kidney function, and monitoring high-risk patients — the framework applied to nephrotoxic anti-cancer agents.
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